T I M 
5 
T I M 
The best season for felling timber depends much on the 
species; fir is best felled when it begins to spring, both as it 
then quits its coat best, and as the wood is by that means 
rendered wonderfully durable in water. Elm should be 
felled between November and January, in which case it will 
be all heart, at least the sap will be very inconsiderable: this 
is also the only good season for felling ash. Oak from the 
end of March to the end of May. 
There are several different modes made use of in felling or 
taking down timber, and they must necessarily be somewhat 
various, according to the nature, extent, and kind, of which the 
collection maybe. Groves of the fir or pine sort, or any single 
fir-tree of any kind, should at once be taken out by the roots. 
In woods, any timber-trees that may be cut down, should 
have their places as nearly as possible supplied by saplings, 
or any other proper sorts of young timber-trees. However, 
previous to the work of felling, the trees should be marked 
by a proper person ; in performing which, in a fall of timber, 
regard is to be had to the relative state of standing in the 
trees. In close timber-woods, the whole or nearly the 
whole may be marked and taken down; as if some which 
appear flourishing be left standing, they will not only be 
liable and in danger of being hurt in taking the others down; 
but, in consequence of their situation in regard to exposure 
being changed, will no longer continue to flourish. As 
their atmosphere is not only thus altered, and rendered too 
cool, perhaps, for their acquired habit, by the removal of 
the adjoining trees; but they thereby get room to throw out 
side-shoots from their stems; in consequence of which their 
tops die, and their growth is irrevocably stinted. While, on 
the contrary, in open woods of the same kind, thin hedge¬ 
rows, and other open spaces, such timber-trees only as are 
ripe for the axe, or are suitable for the intended purpose, 
should be marked: the youthful growing trees being left to 
be benefited most probably by an increase of air and head 
room, in an atmosphere and exposure to which they are 
habituated and accustomed. On estates that are timbered, 
it is directed that they should be frequently gone over by 
proper persons, who, let the price and demand for the 
timber be what they may, should mark every tree which 
wears the appearance of decay. Where the demand is brisk, 
and the price high, he should go two steps further, and 
mark not only such as are full grown, but such also as are 
near perfection; for the interest of the money, the disin- 
cumbrance of the approaching young timbers, and the com¬ 
parative advantages of a good market, are not to be bartered 
for any increase of timber which can reasonably be expected 
from trees in the last stage of their growth. 
In the work of felling timber, three distinct methods are 
practised and had recourse to in different cases; as, first, that 
of cutting the trees above ground; severing them from their 
roots, by means of the axe or the saw; leaving what are 
termed stools, to occupy the spots where they stood. Se¬ 
cond, that of cutting them, within the ground, with the axe 
and mattock; but leaving the principal parts of the roots 
in the soil. And third, that of grubbing them up by the 
roots, by the use of the spade and mattock; thus throwing 
them down with the butts and large roots adhering to the 
stems. The preference to be given to one or other of the 
two first modes of taking down timber-trees, rests, it is said, 
chiefly on the nature of the future application of the land 
upon which they grow. If it be intended to remain in the 
state of woodland, the first method, or the second, if too 
much of the main roots be not cut away, is the best and 
most eligible. But if the land is to be cleared for the pur¬ 
poses of agriculture, where sufficient hands can be had for 
dispatching the business, the second is, by far, the best. 
The last is improper in most cases. 
In speaking of oak-timber, the late bishop of Llandaff has 
given some useful and interesting remarks in regard to the 
disposal of it, in the introduction to the Agricultural Report 
of the State of the County of Westmoreland. Where profit 
is considered, it is said every tree should be cut down and 
sold, when the annual increase in value of the tree by its 
Vol. XXIV. No. 1623. 
growth, is less than the annual interest of the money it 
would sell for. This being admitted, it is only necessary 
to inquire into the annual increase in the value of oaks of 
different ages. After different statements, thirty-six shillings 
each are fixed upon as the price of trees that should be cut 
down and sold; as, if they be cut down before they arrive 
at that value, or if they be allowed to remain until they will 
sell for a much higher price, the proprietor of the soil or 
land on which they grow will be a loser. It is noticed too, 
as being the general opinion, that it is more profitable to fell 
and sell oak-wood at fifty or sixty years’ growth, than to let 
it stand for navy timber to eighty or a hundred, owing to 
the low price that is now paid for oak-trees of large dimen¬ 
sions, either by the Navy Board or the East India Com- 
pany. 
To TI'MBER, v. n. To light on a tree. A cant word. 
—The one took up in a thicket of brush-wood, and the 
other timbered upon a tree hard by. L'Estrange. 
To TI'MBER, v. a. To furnish with beams or timber. 
TI'MBERED, adj. [timbre , Fr.] Built; formed; con¬ 
trived. 
His bark is stoutly timber'd , and his pilot 
Of very expert and approv’d allowance. Shahspeare. 
TIMBERLAND, a township of England, in Lincoln¬ 
shire ; 8 miles north-west-by-north of Sleaford. Population 
370. 
TIMBERSCOMBE, a parish of England, in Somerset¬ 
shire ; 3 miles west-south-west of Dunster. Population 388. 
TI'MBERSOW, s. A worm in wood; perhaps the wood 
louse.—Divers creatures, though they be loathsome to take, 
are of this kind; as earth-worms, timbersows, snails. Bacon. 
TIMBIO, a river of New Granada, in the province of 
Popayan, which enters the Patia. It has a settlement of the 
same name on its shore. 
TIMBLE, Great and Little, townships of England, 
West Riding of Yorkshire; miles north-by-west of Otley. 
TIMBO, a small seaport on the Grain coast of Africa. 
Lat. 5. 28. N. long. 9. 20. W. 
TIMBOI, a small river of the province and government of 
Buenos Ayres, which runs east, and enters the Uruguay. 
TI'MBREL, s. [ Timbrel is perhaps a corruption of tam¬ 
bour, or tambourine, written also timburine. Tocld.~\ A 
kind of musical instrument played by pulsation. 
The damsels they delight. 
When they their timbrels smite. 
And thereunto dance and carol sweet. Spenser. 
TI'MBRELLED, adj. Sung to the sound of the timbrel. 
In vain with timbrell'd anthems dark 
The sable-stoled sorcerers bear his worshipt ark. Milton. 
TIMBRIDGE, a hamlet of England, in the parish of 
Kingsbury Episcopi, Somersetshire. 
TI'MBURINE. See Tambourine. 
TIME, s. [cim, tima, Saxon; tima, Icel.; tym, Erse; 
timme, Swedish.] The measure of duration. 
Come what come may. 
Time and the hour runs through the roughest day. 
Shahspeare. 
Space of time.—He for the time remain’d stupidly good. 
Milton. —Interval.—Pomanders, and knots of powders, you 
may have continually in your hand; whereas perfumes you 
can take but at times. Bacon. —Life considered as em¬ 
ployed, or destined to employment.—A great devourer of 
his time, was his agency for men of quality. Fell. —Sea¬ 
son ; proper time. 
I hope I come in time, if not to make, 
At least, to save your fortune and your honour. Dry den. 
A considerable space of duration; continuance; process 
of time. 
Fight under him, there’s plunder to be had; 
A captain is a very gainful trade : 
And 
