12 
T I P U L A. 
Nenegh, Tipperary, Carrick, and some others mentioned in 
their proper places, are of respectable size, but none of them 
distinguished for trade or manufactures, unless we except the 
manufacture of ratteens at Carrick. 
This county is divided into 12 baronies, Lower Ormond, 
Upper Ormond, Ikerin, Isleagh, Owen and Arra, Kilnele- 
gurty, Kilnemanna, Slewarda and Compsy, Middle Third, 
Clan william, Iffa and Offa, and Eligurty; which contain 
186 parishes. Population about 200,000. 
TIPPERARY, a market town of Ireland, in the above 
county. It is not large, and appears to be in a ruinous con¬ 
dition, though formerly of sufficient importance to give its 
name to the county; 87 miles south-west of Dublin, and 20 
north-west of Clonmell, on the road to Limerick. 
TI'PPET, s. [caeppec, Saxon.] Something worn about 
the neck.—His turban was white, with a small red cross on 
the top : he had also a tippet of fine linen. Bacon. 
To TI'PPLE, v. n. [tepel , a dug, old Teutonic.] To 
drink luxuriously; to waste life over the cup. 
Let us grant it is not amiss to sit. 
And keep the turn of tippling with a slave. 
To reel the streets at noon. Shahspeare. 
To TI'PPLE, v. a. To drink in luxury or excess. 
To a short meal he makes a tedious grace, 
Before the barley-pudding comes in place ; 
Then bids fall on ; himself for saving charges 
A peel’d slic’d onion eats, and tipples verjuice. Dryden. 
TI'PPLE, s. Drink; liquor.—While the tipple was paid 
for, all went merrily on. L'Estrange. 
Tl'PPLED, adj. Tipsy; drunk. 
Merry, we sail from the east. 
Half tippled at a rainbow feast. Dry den. 
TITPLER, s. A sottish drunkard ; an idle drunken fel¬ 
low.—Gamesters, tipplers, tavern hunters, and other such 
dissolute people. Banner. 
Tl'PPLING-HOUSE, s. A house in which liquors are 
sold; a public-house.—The knave her father — kept a tip- 
pling-house. Beaumont and FI. 
TiPSA, a town of Algiers, in the province of Constantina, 
the ancient Tipasa, of which it still presents most extensive 
ruins, particularly a large temple and four-faced triumphal 
arch, of the Corinthian order, in the very best preservation; 
85 miles south-east of Constantina. 
TI'PSTAFF, s. An officer with a staff tipped with metal. 
The staff itself so tipt.—One hand in his had a tipstaff of a 
yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue. Bacon. 
TIPSTAVES, officers appointed by the marshal of the 
King’s Bench, to attend the judges with a rod or staff’ tipped 
with silver, and take charge of such persons as are either 
committed, or turned over at the judge’s chamber. 
TI'PSY, adj. Drunk; overpowered with excess of 
drink. 
The riot of the tipsy bacchanals. 
Tearing the Thracian singer in their rage. Shahspeare. 
TI'PTOE, s. The end of the toe. 
Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund day 
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountains’ tops. Shahspeare. 
TIPTON, or Tibbington, a parish of England, in 
Staffordshire; 2± miles west-south-west of Wednesbury. 
Population 8407. 
TI'PTOP. An expression, often used in common con¬ 
versation, denoting the utmost degree, excellence, or per¬ 
fection.—If you love operas, there will be the most splendid 
in Italy, four tiptop voices, a new theatre. Gray to West. 
TIPUANIS, a river of Peru, which washes the confines of 
the province of Tarija. 
TIPULA, in Entomology, a genus of the diptera order of 
insects, the characters of which are, that the mouth has a 
very short proboscis, membranaceous, canaliculated on the 
back, receiving a bristle; the haustellum short, without a va¬ 
gina; the feelers two, incurved, equal, filiform, longer than 
the head: the antennae are mostly filiform. 
The long form of the body, the position of the wings, and 
the length and position of the legs, are the circumstances 
that make the resemblance between the gnats and tipulee; 
but the structure and organs of the head are alone a very suf¬ 
ficient distinction. 
As the tipulae differ from the gnats in the figure of the 
mouth, and in being without a trunk, they differ as much 
from the other flies of that character, by their resembling the 
gnat in the shape of their body. They differ also in the 
conformation of the mouth, and its several parts and organs. 
The opening of the mouth is a slit extending itself from the 
fore part of the head towards the hinder part, and its lips 
cannot be called upper and lower; but they are lateral ones. 
When the body of the creature is pressed, this mouth opens, 
and shews what seem to be a second pair of lips within. 
These are more firmly closed than the others, and resemble 
only certain duplications of the flesh. The exterior lips are 
cartilaginous, and are furnished with short hairs; the interior 
are perfectly smooth, and of a fleshy texture. The head of 
the tipula is of a long and slender figure; the lips are articu¬ 
lated at the extremity of this head, and on each side there 
stands on the upper part, a sort of beard, which, when mi¬ 
nutely examined, is found to be articulated in the manner of 
the antennae of insects. These two beards, in their usual po¬ 
sition, are placed close together, and bent forwards over the 
head ; their office seems to be the covering of the aperture 
of the mouth. These seem constantly to be found in 
all species of the tipulae, and placed exactly in the same 
manner. 
The largest species of tipulae are usually found in our mea¬ 
dows, and these are in no danger of being confounded with 
the gnat kind, their size alone being a sufficient obvious dis¬ 
tinction. These are often found of nearly an inch in length 
from head to tail; but their bodies are very slender, and are 
composed of only nine rings. The male tipula is easily dis¬ 
tinguished, at sight, from the female; it is much shorter in 
the body, and is thicker at the tail than any where else; this 
tail also usually turns upwards, whereas that of the female 
is placed in the same line with the body, and is slender, and 
composed of several scaly parts, proceeding from the last 
ring of the body. These creatures are found in our meadows 
through the whole summer ; but the end of September and 
beginning of October is the time when they are most of all 
plentiful. 
The legs of these creatures are greatly disproportioned to 
the body, according to the common rules of nature, especi¬ 
ally the hinder pair, which are in the larger species usually 
three times the length of the body. 
The large species is a creature of no great beauty; its 
body is of a brownish colour, and its corcelet is so elevated, 
that the creature seems hump-backed; the head is small, and 
the neck very short; the reticulated eyes are so large, that 
they cover almost the whole surface of the head ; these are 
of a greenish colour, with a cast of purple, when viewed in 
some lights. Reaumur supposes that two very lucid specks, 
on the anterior part of the breast, are eyes, though placed in 
so very singular a manner; the wings of this creature are long, 
but very narrow, and seem scarcely well proportioned to the 
size of the animal; they are transparent, but have a slight 
cast of brown; and their ribs, when viewed by the micro¬ 
scope, appear beset with scales, or feathers, in the manner 
of those of the gnat kind. Some species of the tipulae have 
them also fringed with these scales at the edges; there are 
no ailerons, or petty wings, at the origin of these, but in the 
place of them there are two very fine balancers or mallets; 
these have long pedicles, and roundish or oval heads; the 
stigmata of Ihe corcelet are four; one pair is placed imme¬ 
diately underneath these balancers, and the other immediately 
below the first pair of legs; the first pair is very long, the 
others small, and those on the rings of the body, if there be 
any, are too small ioy our sight, even with good glasses. 
Each ring of the body is composed of two half cylinders, 
which are joined into one, by means of a membrane, which 
gives them room to distend or close up at the creature’s plea¬ 
sure. The large tipulae all carry two antennae, or horns, upon 
