TOR 
outmost petal very large and two parted. Stamina: all with 
five capillary filaments. Anthers simple. Pistil: all with a 
roundish inferior germ. Styles two, small. Stigmas obtuse. 
Pericarp: fruit suborbicular, compressed, crenulate at the 
edge, bipartite. Seeds two, roundish, almost flat, with a 
raised crenulate margin. Tordylium anthriscus has a sub¬ 
radiate umbel, and the florets of the disk male: it is there¬ 
fore now removed to the genus caucalis.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Corolla radiate, all hermaphrodite. Fruit sub- 
orbicular, notched at the edge. Involucres long, undivided. 
1. Tordylium Syriacum, or Syrian hartwort.—Involucres 
longer than the umbel. This is a low plant, the stalks sel¬ 
dom rising a foot high. The lower leaves are composed of 
two pairs of ovate leaflets terminated by a large one; they 
are hairy and slightly crenate. The stalks branch out into 
two or three divisions, and are terminated by umbels of 
white flowers, which have large involucres, for the most 
part trifid.—Native of Syria. 
2. Tordylium officinale, or officinal hartwort.—Involu- 
crets length of the flowers; leaflets ovate, gashed, crenate; 
stem pubescent. Root annual. Stem almost upright, 
branched, leafy, round, grooved, villose with soft short de¬ 
flected hairs.—Native of the south of France, Italy, and 
Sicily. Very doubtful whether it be indigenous of Eng¬ 
land. 
3. Tordylium peregrinum. — Seeds grooved, wrinkled, 
plaited; universal involucre one-leafed, subtrifid. Stem 
smooth, blanched.—Native of the Levant. 
4. Tordylium Apulum, Apulian, or small hartwort.—Um- 
bellefs remote; leaves pinnate; pinnas roundish, laciniate. 
—Native of Italy in Apulia. 
5. Tordylium maximum, or great hartwort.—Umbels 
clustered, radiate; leaflets lanceolate, gash-serrate; stem 
rough, with defiexed bristles.-—-Native of Germany, Swit¬ 
zerland, Austria, France, Italy and England. 
6. Tordylium filifolium.-—Umbels clustered, radiate; leaf¬ 
lets angular, toothed-, pubescent.—Native of Carniola. 
7. Tordylium Secacul, or Arabian hartwort.—Umbellets 
remote; leaves doubly pinnate; pinnas gashed, tomentose. 
—Native of Syria, especially about Aleppo, where it is 
known by the name of Secacul, and is eaten crude by the 
inhabitants. 
TORE, pret. and sometimes participle passive of tear. 
Upon his head an old Scotch cap he wore, 
With a plume feather all to pieces tore. Spenser. 
TORE, s. [probably from tear.'] The dead kind of grass 
that remains on the ground in winter. Ask .-—Proportion ac¬ 
cording to rowen or tore upon the ground; the more tore 
the less hay will do. Mortimer. 
TORELLA, a small town of the south of Italy, in the 
central part of the kingdom of Naples, in the Prineipato 
Ultra. Population 3300; 3 miles west-north-west of 
Conza. 
TORENIA [so named by Linnaeus, from Olef Toreen, a 
Swedish clergyman, who discovered this with other plants in 
China], in Botany, a genus of the class didynamia, order 
angiospermia, natural order of personal®, scrophulariae 
(Juss.) —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth one-leafed, 
tubular, angular, permanent, bifid: upper lip three-cusped; 
lower narrower, quite entire. Corolla one-petailed, rin- 
gent: upper lip entire; lower trifid, the middle segment 
more produced. Stamina: filaments four: the two upper 
simple; the two lower two-parted, the lower branchlet 
shorter and barren. Anthers twin, contiguous by pairs. 
Pistil: germ oblong. Style filiform, thicker above. Stigma 
bifid, acute. Pericarp: capsule oblong, two-celled. Seeds 
very many.-— Essential Character. Calyx two-lipped: 
upper lip three-cusped. Filaments, the lower with a sterile 
branchlet. Capsule two-celled. 
1. Torenia Asiatica, or smooth torenia,'—Smooth; stem 
creeping; leaves ovate, emarginate, on long petioles. The 
whole plant is smooth. Flowers larger than in the next 
species.—-Native of India and China. 
2. Torenia hirsuta, or hairy torenia.—Hirsute; stem erect; 
TOR 39 
leaves very short, petioled. Flowers small on one-flowered 
axillary and terminating peduncles.—Native of the East 
Indies. 
3. Torenia cordifolia, or heart-leaved torenia.—Somewhat 
hairy; erect; leaves heart-shaped, on short petioles. This is 
a small herbaceous plant.—-Native of Coromandel; in moist 
pasture lands about Samulcotah, 
TOREUTICE [rooevriKri, formed from the Greek ropo?, 
lath, of Tojpeni, tereoro, perforo], that part of sculpture 
called turning. 
TORFjEUS, Thormodus, or Thormod Torvesen, 
an eminent historian, was born in a small island, called 
Engoe, on the southern coast of Iceland. In 1719 he died. 
Torfeus was a man of considerable learning, and particu¬ 
larly conversant with ancient history and antiquities; and 
he was much respected by the northern sovereigns, Fre¬ 
derick III., Christian V., and Frederick IV. His works, ac¬ 
tually published and left in MS., were very numerous. The 
collection of his MSS., relating more especially to the his¬ 
tory of Iceland, amounts to several volumes folio, and is 
preserved in the king’s library at Copenhagen. Gen. Biog. 
TORFAUE, a district of Siwah, in Africa, on the caravan 
route from thence to Fezzan. 
TORGAU, a town of Prussian Saxony, in the govern¬ 
ment of Merseburg, on the Elbe; 46 miles north-west of 
Dresden, and 65 south-by-west of Berlin. 
TORGEISKOI, a village of Irkoutsk, in Asiatic Russia; 
24 miles north-north-west of Mertchinsk. 
TORGELOW, a small town in the north of the Prussian 
states, in Pomerania, on the river Ucker; 9 miles north of 
Passe walk. 
TORIESDALE HEAD, a cape on the north coast of 
Scotland. Lat. 58. 30. E. long. 4. 10. W. 
TORIGNY, a small town in the north-west of France, 
department of La Manche. Population 1600; 9 miles 
south-east of St. Lo, and 22 east of Coutances. 
TORIN ROCKS, a cluster of rocks near the south-west 
coast of the Island of Mull. Lat. 56. 16. N. long. 6. 
28. W. 
TORISA, a river of European Turkey, which joins the 
Marifza (the ancient Hebrus) at Adrianople. 
TORKINGTON, a township of England, in Cheshire; 
3 miles south-east of Stockport. 
TORKSEY, a parish of England, in Lincolshire, situated 
near the confluence of the Ees-Dyke into the Trent; 7 miles 
east of Gainsborough. 
TORLEUM, a mountain of Scotland, in Perthshire, 1400 
feet above the level of the sea. 
TORMARTON, a parish of England, in Gloucestershire; 
4 miles south-east-by-east of Chipping Sodbury. 
To TORMENT, v. a. [tourmentcr , Fr.] To put to pain; 
to harrass with anguish; to excruciate. 
No sleep close up that deadly eye of thine. 
Unless it be while some tormenting dream 
Affrights thee with a hell of ugly devils. Shakspeare. 
To teaze; to vex with importuuity.—-To put into great 
agitation. [ tormente , Fr. a great storm ; torment are, Ital. 
to agitate.] 
They, soaring on main wing, 
Tormented all the air. Milton. 
TO’RMENT, s. [tourment, Fr.] Any thing that gives 
pain, as disease.—They brought unto him all sick people that 
were taken with divers diseases and torments, and he healed 
them. St. Matthew. —Pain; misery; anguish. 
The more I see 
Pleasures about me, so much more I feel 
Torment within me. Milton. 
Penal anguish; torture. 
No prisoners there, enforc’d by torments , cry ; 
But fearless by their old tormentors lie. Sandys. 
[tormentum, Lat.] An engine of war to cast stones or 
darts. Not in use. —-All torments of war, which we call en¬ 
gines. 
