40 TOR 
gines, were first invented by kings or governors of hosts. 
Sir T. Elyot: 
TORME’NTER, or Torme'ntor, s. One who torments; 
one who gives pain.—He called to me for succour, desiring 
me at least to kill him, to deliver him from those tormentors. 
Sidney. —One who inflicts penal tortures.—The ancient 
martyrs passed through such new inventions and varieties of 
pain as tired their tormentors. Addison. 
TO'RMENTIL, s. [tormentilla , Lat.] Septfoil. A plant. 
—The root of torment 'd has been used for tanning of leather, 
and accounted the best astringent in the whole vegetable king¬ 
dom. Miller. 
TORMENTILLA [Dimin. from torment a or tormina; 
being supposed to cure the diseases of the bowels], in 
Botany, a genus of the class icosandria, order polygynia, 
natural order of sentieosee, rosaceae (Juss.) —Generic Cha¬ 
racter. Calyx: perianth one-leafed, flat, eight-cleft; the 
alternate segments smaller and more acute. Corolla: petals 
four, obcordate, flat, spreading, inserted by their claws into 
the calyx. Stamina: filaments sixteen, awl-shaped, shorter 
by half than the corolla, inserted into the calyx. Anthers 
simple. Pistil: germs eight, small, converging into a head. 
Styles filiform, length of the stamens, inserted into the side 
of the germ. Stigmas obtuse. Pericarp none. Receptacle 
of the seeds very small, loaded with seeds, inclosed within 
the calyx. Seeds eight, roundish, naked. Tormentilla dif¬ 
fers from potentiila in number only: hence the two genera 
might be combined; and accordingly are so by Schreber 
and others.— Essential Character. Calyx eight-cleft, infe¬ 
rior. Petals four. Seeds roundish, naked, wrinkled, fas¬ 
tened to a small juiceless receptacle. 
1. Tormentilla ereeta, or common tormentil.—Stem some¬ 
what upright, branched; leaves sessile. Root remarkably 
large and woody, brown on the outside, red within.—Native 
of Europe, in dry pastures, especially on heaths, among small 
shrubs ; flowering in June and July. 
2. Tormentilla reptans, or trailing tormentil.—Stem pros¬ 
trate, simple; leaves petioled. Root perennial, small and 
slender.—Native of Germany and England. 
TORMES, a river of Spain, which rises among the moun¬ 
tains in the south of the province of Salamanca, crosses the 
province of Leon, passes the towns of Alva de Tormes, 
Salamanca, &c.; and falls into the Douro on the borders of 
Portugal. 
TORN, part. pass, of tear. Ye shall not eat any flesh 
that is torn of beasts. Exod. 
TORN A, a palatinate in the north-west of Hungary, 
situated between those of Gomer and Zyps, and now subject 
to the same palatine as Aba-Ujvar, which lies on its south¬ 
east frontier. It has an area of 210 square miles, and about 
20,000 inhabitants. The title of upper palatine is here¬ 
ditary in the family of Reglewiez. 
TORNA, the chief town of the above palatinate, is a 
small place situated on the river Torna; 19 miles south¬ 
west of Caschau, and has 1300 inhabitants. 
TORNA'DO, s. [tornado, Span.] A hurricane; awhirl- 
wind. 
Nimble coruscations strike the eye. 
And bold tornados bluster in the sky. Garth. 
It is a sudden and violent gust of wind rising suddenly 
from the shore, and afterwards veering round all points of 
the compass like a hurricane; very frequent on the coast 
of Guinea. These winds frequently shift suddenly from 
one quarter of the horizon to another, and then come again 
to the former point. Before a tornado comes, it calms 
the constant easterly winds; and when they are past, the 
easterly wind gathers force again, and the weather clears up 
fair. 
TORNARSUK, an island near the west coast of West 
Grernland. Lat. 61. 50. N. long. 47. 30. W. 
TORN AVACCAS, a mountain range in the west of Spain, 
which extends northward from the Tagus along the borders 
of Portugal, till it reaches the province of Leon, where it 
joins the Sierra de Guadarrama, or Castilian mountains. 
TOR 
TORNEA, a small but remarkable town on the north of 
Finland, at the north extremity of the gulf of Bothnia. It 
stands on a small island in the large river Tornea, and 
having been built by order of government (in 1620), is 
regular in its streets; but the houses being widely separated, 
the population does not exceed 700. Lat. 65.50. 50. N. 
long. 24. 6. 15. E. 
TORNEA LAPPMARK, the most northern of the six 
provinces of Swedish Lapland, lying between the river 
Tornea, Lulea Lappmark, and Norwegian Lapland. The 
part of it to the east of Tornea, was ceded to Russia in 
1809. 
TORNEA, a river of Sweden, which issues from the lake 
Kipis, in lat. 69.0. N. long. 20.40. E.; forms the boundary 
between Russian and Swedish Lapland, and falls into the 
gulf of Bothnia, below Tornea. 
TORNESE, a cape of the Morea, forming the north¬ 
west point of that peninsula, opposite to the Ionian island of 
Zante. 
TORNESE, a small town of the Morea, situated near the 
promontory of the same name. 
TORNESS, a cape on the south coast of the island of 
Stronsa. Lat. 58. 56. N. long. 2.29. W. 
TORO, a small inland town of Italy, in the north of the 
kingdom of Naples. Population 2400; 15 miles south¬ 
east of Molise. 
TORO, the name of three districts, all situated in the 
north of Spain, but at a considerable distance from each 
other. They are termed respectively the partidos or di¬ 
visions of Toro, Carrion, and Reynosa; the first situated, on 
the Douro, near the province of Valladolid; the second to 
the north, on the river Carrion; the third further to the north, 
in the mountains of Biscay, between Burgos and Santillanos. 
TORO, a city in the north-west of Spain, in the province 
of Leon, and the chief place of the preceding district; 17 
miles east of Zamora, and 105 north-west of Madrid. Lat-. 
41. 45. N. long. 5. 37. W. 
TORO, an island in the Baltic, near the coast of Sweden. 
Lat. 58. 49. N. long. 17.40. E.—2. A small island in the 
Mediterranean, near the south coast of Sardinia. Lat. 39. 
N. long. 8. 34. E.—3. An islet in the Mediterranean, near 
the coast of Majorca.—4. A settlement of Peru, in the 
province of Chumbivilcas. It is also the name of a settle¬ 
ment in Mexico, in the province of Cinaloa, and of another 
in Chili, in the province of Maule.—5. A large and ca¬ 
pacious bay in the province of Veragua, to the west of the 
bay of Almirante. 
TORO, San Antonio del, a city of New Granada, in 
the province of Carthegena. 
TOROELLA, a small town of Spain, in Catalonia, near 
the mouth of the river Ter; 17 miles south-south-east of 
Figueras. 
TOROFF, a town of Bengal, district of Silhet. Lat. 24. 
20. N. long. 91. 18. E. 
TOROGAY, one of the smaller Hebrides, in the sound of 
Harris. 
TOROK-BETSE, or Turkish Betsche, a very large 
village of Hungary, on the Theyss; 28 miles north-north¬ 
east of Peterwaradein. 
TORON, a small town of European Turkey, in Macedon, 
situated on a neck of land which projects into the Archi¬ 
pelago, between the gulfs of Monte Santo and Cassandro ; 
70 miles south-east of Salonki. 
TORONDI, a river of the Caraccas, in the province of 
Maracaibo, which runs north and afterwards turning to the 
west, enters by the east into Lake Maracaibo. 
TORONTAL, a county in the south of Hungary, includ¬ 
ing the western part of the Banat of Temisvar, lying along 
the east bank of the Theyss, and intersected by the Bega. 
It forms a dead flat of 2800 square miles in extent, and con¬ 
tains nearly 210,000 inhabitants. 
TOROPALCA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of 
Porco ; 19 leagues from Potosi. 
TOROPEZ, a considerable town in the north-west of 
European Russia, in the government of Pskov, situated on 
ths 
