T R A 
T R A 
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Saucy and overbold! how did you dare 
To trade and traffic with Macbeth, 
In riddles and affairs of death ? Shakspeare. 
Having a trading wind.—They on the trading flood ply 
toward the pole. Milton. 
To TRADE, v. a. To sell or exchange in commerce.— 
They were thy merchants: they traded the persons of men 
and vessels of brass in thy market. E zek. 
TRADE-WIND, s. The monsoon; the periodical wind 
between the tropics. 
Thus to the eastern wealth through storms we go, 
But now, the Cape once doubled, fear no more; 
A constant trade-wind will securely blow, 
And gently lay us on the spicey shore. Dryden. 
TRA'DED, adj. Versed; practised. 
Trust not those cunning waters of his eyes; 
For villainy is not without such rheum: 
And he long traded in it makes it seem 
Like rivers of remorse and innocence. Shakspeare. 
TRA'DEFUL, adj. Commercial; busy in traffic. 
Ye tradeful merchants that with weary toil 
Do seek most precious things to make your gain. 
And both the Indies of their treasure spoil, 
What needeth you to seek so far in vain. Spenser. 
TR'ADER, s. One engaged in merchandise or com¬ 
merce.—Pilgrims are going to Canterbury with rich offerings, 
and traders riding to London with fat purses. Shakspeare. 
One long used in the methods of money getting; a prac¬ 
titioner. 
TRADESCANT (John), one of the fathers of natural his¬ 
tory in England, having been the first who made any con¬ 
siderable collection of natural productions, as well as one of 
the earliest cultivators of exotic plants in this country, is 
reported by Anthony Wood to have been a Dutchman. Dr. 
Pulteney thinks he was not settled in England during the 
life of Gerarde, though often mentioned in the second 
edition of that author’s Herbal, by its editor Johnson, as 
well as in Parkinson’s Works. He is recorded to have been 
for a considerable time in the service of the lord-treasurer 
Salisbury, and Lord Wooton. He travelled into various parts 
of Europe, even as far as Russia, and was on board a fleet 
sent against the Algerines in 1620. He brought home plants 
and other curiosities from these various excursions; but it 
does not appear what was their primary object. About the 
year 1629, he obtained the title of gardener to King Charles 
I., and about that time, or before, was settled at Lambeth, 
where his own garden was situated. Some remains of this 
were traced out by Sir William Watson, 120 years after¬ 
wards. Tradescant’s Ark, or Museum, became very famous 
as a collection of natural rarities. It was much visited by 
the great, and even by the royal family, all of whom took 
pleasure in enriching it, as in later times their descendants 
have done to other such collections. A catalogue of the 
Museum Tradescantianum, in ]2mo., appeared in 1656, 
with portraits of the owner and his son, engraved by Hollar. 
By this catalogue, the museum appears to have been fur¬ 
nished, not only with birds, quadrupeds, fish, shells, insects, 
minerals, fruits, &c., but also with warlike instruments, 
habits, utensils, coins, and medals. There is annexed a cata¬ 
logue in English and Latin of the plants cultivated in the 
author’s garden. His portrait represents him as greatly ad¬ 
vanced in age at this period, but the time of his death is not 
known. His son, of the same name, visited Virginia, and 
returned with several new plants; amongst others the original 
Tradescantia, hereafter mentioned. The son inherited his 
father’s collections, and dying in 1662, bequeathed them to 
Mr. Elias Ashmole, so that they may be said to have laid 
the foundation of the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, in 
which they, like the name of their original owner, are now 
sunk. 
TRADESCANTIA [so named by Ruppius, in his Flora 
Jenensis, from John Tradescant, who first introduced it in 
Europe], in Botany, a genus of the class hexandria, order 
monogynia, natural order of ensatse, junci (Juss.) —Ge¬ 
neric Character. Calyx : perianth three-leaved ; leaflets 
ovate, concave, spreading, permanent. Corolla: petals 
three, orbicular, flat, spreading very much, large, equal. 
Stamina: filaments six, filiform, length of the calyx, erect, 
villose, with jointed hairs. Anthers kidney-form. Pistil: 
germ ovate, obtusely three-cornered. Style filiform, length 
of the stamens. Stigma three cornered, tubulous. Pericarp: 
capsule ovate, covered by the calyx, three-celled, three- 
valved. Seeds few, angular .—Essential Character. Calyx 
three-leaved. Petals three. Filaments equal, with jointed 
hairs. Capsule three-celled. 
1. Tradescantia Virginica, or common Virginian spider- 
wort.—Erect; leaves lanceolate, smooth; flowers heaped in an 
umbel, terminating.—Native of Virginia and Maryland. 
2. Tradescantia crassifolia, or thick-leaved spiderwort.—■ 
Erect; leaves ovate, woolly at the edge and beneath; flowers 
heaped in umbels, terminating.—Native of Mexico. 
3. Tradescantia erecta, or upright spiderwort.—Erect; 
leaves ovate, narrowed at the base, smooth; peduncle termi¬ 
nating, naked, bifid, racemed.—Native of Mexico. 
4. Tradescantia Zanonia, or gentian-leaved spiderwort.— 
Erect; leaves broad-lanceolate; peduncles lateral, solitary, 
jointed in the middle, many-flowered; bractes in pairs.— 
Native of the southern parts of Jamaica, in mountain woods, 
flowering in the spring months. 
5. Tradescantia discolor, or purple-leaved spiderwort.— 
Stemless; even bractes equitant, compressed; leaves lanceolate, 
coloured underneath.—Native of South America on the 
Mosquito shore. 
6 . Tradescantia Malabarica, or grass-leaved spiderwort.— 
Erect; even; peduncles solitary, very long.—Native of the 
East Indies. 
7. Tradescantia nervosa, or nerve-leaved spiderwort.— 
Scape one-flowered.—Supposed to be a native of Surratte. 
From Mutis. 
8 . Tradescantia divaricata, or straddling spiderwort.— 
Stem dichotomous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; sheaths 
villose ; flowers panicled; filaments smooth.—Found on the 
banks of rivers in Guiana and Cayenne. 
9. Tradescantia geniculata, or knotted spiderwort.— 
Procumbent, hirsute.—Native of South America, Martinico, 
in moist hedges. 
10. Tradescantia monandra, or one-stamened spiderwort. 
—Diffused; leaves ovate-acuminate; pedunclesaxillary, many- 
flowered ; flowers one-stamened.—Native of the western part 
of Hispaniola, in mountain woods. 
11. Tradescantia multiflora, or many-flowered spiderwort. 
—Erect; branched ; leaves cordate, ciliate on the edge and 
sheaths; peduncles clustered, axillary; flowersthree-stamened. 
—Native of Jamaica, in mountain woods. 
12. Tradescantia cordifolia, or heart-leaved spiderwort.— 
Creeping, filiform ; leaves cordate; peduncles terminating, 
solitary, many-flowered.—Native of Jamaica, in moist, shady, 
grassy parts of high mountains; flowering in autumn. 
13. Tradescantia procumbens, or trailing spiderwort.— 
Stem procumbent, rooting; leaves ovate, ciliate at the base, 
sheathing; peduncles cymed, axillary ; stamens unequal.— 
Native of the Caraccas. Perennial. 
14. Tradescantia axillaris, or axillary spiderwort.—Stem 
branched; flowers sessile, lateral.—Native of the East Indies, 
where cattle are very fond of it. Annual. 
15. Tradescantia formosa, or handsome spiderwort.— 
Leaves opposite, connate.—Native of the Cape of Good 
Hope. Thunberg. 
16 Tradescantia crestata, or crested spiderwort.—Creeping, 
even ; spathes two-leaved, imbricate.—Native of Ceylon. 
17. Tradescantia papilionacea, or papilionaceous spider¬ 
wort.—Creeping, even; spathes three-leaved, imbricate.—Na¬ 
tive of the East Indies. 
18. Tradescantia tuberosa, or tuberous-rooted spiderwort. 
—Roots tuberous’; joints of the stem radical; bractes in two 
rows, falcate, ciliate. 
19. Tradescantia paniculata, or panicled spiderwort.— 
Stems creeping; panicle terminating, many-flowered.—This 
and 
