T R I 
TRICHIURUS, a genus of the order of Apodes; 
the characters of which are, that the head is extended, 
with lateral 'opercula or gill-covers; that the teeth are 
ensiform, and semi-sagittated at the apex or tips; that it 
has seven branchiostegous or gill-membrane rays; that the 
body is compressed and ensiform, and the tail subulated, with¬ 
out any fin: whence it is called lepturus, and in English 
needle-tail. There are two species. 
1. Trichiurus lepturus, or argenteus; silvery trichiurus. 
—With the lower jaw longer than the upper; and equally 
distinguished by the singularity of its shape, and brilliancy 
of its colour; the body very compressed, tapering towards 
the extremity, and terminating in a fine point; the whole 
body, except the fins, of a bright silver-colour; the head 
narrow and the mouth wide; the lateral line of a gold- 
colour, commencing at the gills and continued to the tip of 
the tail; the dorsal fin moderately wide, transparent, and 
of a yellowish tinge, commencing almost behind the head, 
and terminating near the end of the tail in a mere membrane, 
the other parts being strongly radiated; the pectoral fins 
small and of an oval shape; without any direct vent-fin, 
but having a series of very small naked spines or rays, 
about 110 in number, continued from the vent, which is 
situated about the middle of the body, to nearly the tip of 
the tail. Its general length is from two to three feet; it is 
said to be very voracious, swims with rapidity, and in the 
pursuit of its prey sometimes leaps into small vessels, which 
happen to be sailing by it.—It is a native of the rivers and 
larger lakes of South America, and is considered as an eatable 
fish; it is also found in some parts of India and in China. 
2. Trichiurus Indicus, or electricus, or fuscus; brown tri¬ 
chiurus.—With jaws of equal length; nearly equal in size 
to the preceding, but different in the conformation of the 
jaws, which are of equal length, and in the form of its teeth, 
which are very minute; the tail, less slender and sharp, and 
the colour of the whole fish pale brown, variegated with 
spots of a deeper cast.—A native of the Indian seas, and 
possessing a degree of electrical power. 
TRICHOCARPUS [from Srjuf, a hair , and 
Kay™;, a fruit. Hairy-fruited], in Botany a genus of the 
classpolyandria, order digynia.—Generic Character. Calyx: 
perianth one-leafed, four or five parted; segments ovate, 
acute, spreading, permanent. Corolla none. Stamina: 
filaments very many (sixty to seventy), capillary, longer 
than the calyx, inserted into the receptacle. Anthers small, 
roundish. Pistil: germ ovate, villose. Styles two, long, 
bifid at the top. Stigmas obtuse. Pericarp : capsule ovate- 
four-cornered, bristly ; bristles long, rigid, deciduous; one- 
celled, four-valved. Seeds numerous, small, fastened to a 
free, ovate-oblong receptacle, involved in a viscid membrane. 
— Essential Character. Calyx four or five-parted. Corolla 
none. Styles two, bifid. Capsule bristly, four-valved, 
many-seeded. 
Trichocarpus laurifolia.—This is a tree growing to the 
height of fifty feet. Leaves scattered, coriaceous, oblong, 
acute, quite entire, veined, smooth, petioled. Corymbs few- 
flowered, subdichotomous, lateral.—Native of the woods of 
Guiana. 
TRICHOCEPHALUS, a genus of the Intestina order 
of Vermes; the characters of which are, that the body 
is elastic and contorted, the hinder part thick and ele¬ 
vated, the anterior capillary and of double length, some¬ 
times terminating knotty. Of this genus there are six 
species, distributed into two classes: viz. 
I.—With simple head. 
1. Trichocephalus hominis—Above subcrenated, beneath, 
smooth, forepart very subtilely striated ; two inches long. 
2. Trichocephalus equi.—Two inches and a half long. 
3. Trichocephalus Apri.—With tail on both sides fur¬ 
nished with crenated scales; equal to the human. 
4. Trichocephalus muris.—With the head three-knotted. 
—Found in the intestine of the mouse, between the duode¬ 
num and rectum. 
5. Trichocephalus vulpis.—With an acute head; neck 
T R I 83 
transversely striated, and unilateral vesicles.*—Found in the 
coecum of the fox. 
II.—With uncinated or hooked head. 
6. Trichocephalus lacertae.—With a tail on both sides 
scaly.—Found in the intestines of the lizard. 
TRICHODA, a genus of the Infusoria order of Vermes; 
the characters of which are, that the worm is inconspicuous 
with the naked eye, pellucid, and hairy on the other part. 
Gmelin’s edition of Linnaeus comprehends forty-seven species, 
of which we select these:— 
I.—Without a tail. 
1. Trichoda patella.—Univalve; before and behind fur¬ 
nished with extended unequal bristles.—Found in the marshes 
of Denmark. 
2. Trichoda Ursula.—Smooth, elongated, equal, on the 
fore-part hairy.—Found in putrid infusions of hay and 
other vegetables. 
3. Trichoda linter.—Ovate-oblong, somewhat prominent 
at both ends.—Found by the Greenlanders in water, in 
which the lichen coriarius has been infused. 
4. Trichoda pubes.—Ovate oblong, gibbous, on the fore¬ 
part depressed.—Found in duck-weed water. 
5. Trichoda Cypris.—Obovate, above sinuated towards 
the hinder part, on the fore-part hairy.—Found in water 
covered with duck-weed. 
6. Trichoda silurus.—Oblong, hairy before and behind, 
with a ciliated back.—Found in water abounding with 
conferva. - 
7. Trichoda mytilus.—Subclavated, at both ends wider, 
green and ciliated.—Found in marsh-water. 
8. Trichoda urnula.—Pitcher-shaped; before hairy.— 
Found rarely in water covered with duck-weed. 
9. Trichoda lynceus.—Subquadrate, with hooked beak 
and hairy mouth. 
10. Trichoda semiluna.—Semi orbicular, on the fore-part 
below hairy.—Found in duck-weed water. 
11. Trichoda orbis.—Orbicular, emarginated and hairy 
on the fore-part. 
12. Trichoda cimex.—Above convex, below smooth and 
hairy.—Found in vegetable infusions. 
13. Trichoda camelus.—Hairy on the fore-part, thickish 
in the middle; and on both sides emarginated.—Found as 
the last. 
14. Trichoda acarus.—Piriform, on the fore part below 
hairy, behind pedaled.—In water covered with duck-weeds. 
15. Trichoda bomba.—Mutable, on the fore-part fur¬ 
nished with scattered hairs.—As the last. 
16. Trichoda ciliata.—Ventricose, behind pectinated with 
hairs.—Found in muscle-water. 
17. Trichoda sulcata.—With ovate ventricose apex, acu- 
minateu, ventral furrow, and on both sides hairy.—As before. 
II.—With tail. 
18. Trichoda transfuga.—Broadish, before hairy, behind 
bristly, sinuated on one side, mucronated on the other.— 
Found in sea-water for some time kept. 
19. Trichoda ludio.—Cirrated, above hairy, with an ex¬ 
tended tail.—Found rarely in the grove-waters of Denmark. 
20. Trichoda pupa.—Aculeated, hairy in front, with a 
bent tail.—-Found in duck-weed water. 
21. Trichoda clava.—Clavated, hairy in front, with a 
reflexile tail.—Found rarely in the marshy waters of Den¬ 
mark. 
TRICHOMANES [T pixopavet;, of Dioscorides. From 
hair, and y.ana, madness. From the hairi¬ 
ness of the fern, and its supposed efficacy in mania], in Bo¬ 
tany, a genus of the class cryptogamia, order Alices, natural 
order of Alices or ferns.—Generic Character. Fructifications 
inserted into the margin of the frond, separate. Involucres 
urn-shaped, undivided, opening outwards. Columnsextend¬ 
ing beyond the involucres, like styles. 
I.—With a simple frond. 
1. Trichomanes membranaceum.—Fronds simple, oblong, 
lacerated.—Native of South America and Jamaica. 
2. Trichomanes 
