T R I F O L I U M. 89 
hairy; calyxes spreading; stem diffused; leaflets obcordate. 
-—Native of the South of Fiance, Carniolia, Italy, Sicily and 
Barbary. 
32. Trifolium clypeatum, or oriental trefoil.—Spikes 
ovate; calyxes patulous; lowest segment largest, lanceolate; 
leaflets ovate.—Native of Italy and the Levant. 
33. Trifolium scabrum, or rough trefoil.—Heads sessile, 
lateral, ovate; calycine teeth unequal, permanent, rigid, re¬ 
curved.—Native of several parts of Europe, as Germany, 
Switzerland, Carniolia, South of France, Italy, Britain; also 
of the hills about Algiers in Barbary. 
34. Trifolium glomeratum, or round-headed trefoil.— 
Heads hemispherical, sessile lateral, smooth; calycine teeth 
cordate, reflexed, veined.—Native of England, Spain, Italy; 
also Barbary, about Algiers. 
35. Trifolium striatum, or soft knotted trefoil.—Heads ses¬ 
sile, lateral and terminating, ovate ; calyxes elliptic, hirsute, 
grooved; teeth setaceous.—Native of Britain, Germany, 
France, Spain and Italy, in dry barren pastures. 
36. Trifolium suffocatum, or suffocated trefoil.—Heads 
sessile, lateral, roundish, smoothish; calycine teeth lanceolate, 
acute, recurved, longer than the corolla.—Native of Sicily. 
37. Trifolium Alexandrinum, or Egyptian trefoil.—Heads 
oblong, peduncled ; stem erect; leaves opposite.—Native of 
Egypt. 
38. Trifolium uniflorum, or one-flowered trefoil.—Stem¬ 
less; peduncles trifid and subtriflorous, shorter than the sti¬ 
pule.—Native of Syria, Judea, Arabia, abundant about Con¬ 
stantinople, and Candia. 
IV.—Bladdery, with inflated ventricose calyxes. 
39. Trifolium spumosum, or bladdered trefoil.'—Spikes 
ovate; calyxes inflated, smooth, five-toothed ; general invo¬ 
lucres five-leaved.—Native of France and Italy. 
40. Trifolium resupinatum.—Spikes subovate; corollas 
turned upside down ; calyxes inflated, gibbous at the back; 
stems prostrate.—'Native of Belgium, Silesia, the South of 
France and Italy. 
41. Trifolium tomentosum, or woolly trefoil.—Spikes ses¬ 
sile, globular, tomentose; calyxes inflated, obtuse.—Native of 
the South of Europe and of Barbary. 
42. Trifolium hispidum, or shaggy trefoil.—-Heads involu¬ 
ted,terminating; calycine teeth setaceous, villose; shorter than 
the corolla; leaflets obovate.—Native of Barbary nearMascar. 
43. Trifolium sphaerocephalon, or globular trefoil.—Vil¬ 
lose; heads round, involuted; segments of the calyx 
setaceous, longer than the corolla; leaflets obcordate.—Na¬ 
tive of Barbary near Mascar. 
44. Trifolium fragiferum, or strawberry trefoil.—Heads 
roundish; calyxes inflated, two-toothed, reflexed; stems 
creeping.—Native of all parts of Europe, flowering in July 
and August. 
V.-—Hop trefoils, with the banner of the corolla bent in. 
45. Trifolium montanum, or mountain trefoil.—Spikes 
subimbricate, about three; banners awl-shaped, shrivelling; 
calyxes naked; stem erect.—Native of many parts of 
Europe, on very dry hills, from Sweden to Spain. 
46. Trifolium agrarium, or upright hop trefoil.—Spikes 
oval, imbricate; banners bent down, permanent; calyxes 
naked ; stem erect. Root annual.—Native of many parts 
of Europe, in pastures. 
47. Trifolium spadiceum, or bay-flowered trefoil.—Spikes 
oval, imbricate; banners bent down, permanent; calyxes 
hairy; stem erect.—Native of several parts of Europe, in 
dry pastures. 
48. Trifolium procumbens, or procumbent hop trefoil.— 
Spikes oval, many-flowered; banners grooved; stems pro¬ 
cumbent ; common petiole elongated at the base. 
49. Trifolium filiforme, or least trefoil.—Spikes few- 
flowered, loose; peduncles flexuose; banners smooth; stem 
prostrate; all the leaflets subsessile. 
50. Trifolium minus, or small yellow trefoil.—Spikes in 
hemispherical heads; peduncles stiff; banners smoothish; 
Stems prostrate; common petiole very short at the base. 
Vol. XXIV. No. 1627. 
51. Trifolium biflorum, or two-flowered trefoil.—Spikes 
two-flowered, sessile; involucres hispid, funnel-form; leaves 
lanceolate.—Native of Virginia and Canada. 
Propagation and Culture .—If the seeds of the melilofs, 
which are annual plants, be permitted to scatter, the plants 
will rise without care, and require no other culture but to be 
kept clean from weeds, and to be thinned where they grow 
too close. 
White or Dutch clover grows naturally in most of the pas¬ 
tures in England, and is generally known among the country 
people by the title of white honeysuckle. The seed of this 
white Dutch clover is annually imported from Flanders, by 
the way of Holland, from whence it received the name of 
Dutch Clover. 
Since the red clover has been cultivated in England, there 
has been great improvement made of the clay lands, which 
before produced little but rye-grass, and other coarse bents; 
which, by being sown with red clover, have produced more 
than six times the quantity of fodder they had formerly on 
the same land, whereby the farmers have been enabled to feed 
a much greater stock of cattle than they could before, which 
has enriched the ground, and prepared it for corn ; and where 
the land is kept in tillage, it is the usual method now among 
the farmers, to lay down their ground with clover, after 
having had two crops of corn, whereby there is a constant 
rotation of wheat, barley, clover, or turnips on the same 
land. 
The clover-seed is always sown with barley in the Spring, 
and when the barley is taken off, the clover spreads and 
covers the ground, and this remains two years, after which 
the land is plowed again for corn. 
When clover is to be saved for seed, a common custom is 
to feed it down close until the end of May, which early feed 
is a vast advantage for ewes, lambs, &c. as it comes in before 
the natural grasses. 
These are the common advantages derived from clover; 
but a greater benefit may be obtained by cutting it green, as 
often as it attains a sufficient growth, and soiling horses and 
cattle with it, in racks and cribs. In this manner it will sup¬ 
port more than twice the stock it would do if fed off the 
ground; besides the additional quantity of manure, that will 
be made in the stables and yards, if they are kept littered with 
straw, fern, &c. which increase of manure will fully compen¬ 
sate the farmer for his expense in cutting and bringing the 
clover into the yards. The quick growth of clover after 
mowing shades the ground, and prevents the sun from ex¬ 
haling the moisture of the land, so much as it would if fed 
bare; consequently it continues to spring with more vigour; 
and the moment one crop is off, another begins to shoot up. 
Whereas when cattle feed it, they frequently destroy as much 
as they eat; and besides, break the necks of the roots with 
their feet, which prevents the clover from springing so freely 
as it does after a clean cut by the scythe. In hot weather, 
which is the common season for feeding clover, the flies are 
generally so troublesome to the cattle, that they are continually 
running from hedge to hedge, to brush them off, by which 
it is inconceivable what injury they do to the crop. But 
when they are fed in stables and yards, they are more in the 
shade, they thrive better, and consume the whole of what is 
given them without waste. 
In some countries, the yellow trefoil is sown after the same 
manner as the common red clover, especially on chalky 
ground, where it will thrive, and produce a better crop than 
clover. 
Trifolium filiform and minus grow naturally among 
grass in most of the upland pastures in this country; and 
the seeds of the former are frequently sold in the shops by 
the name of hop-clover, and are by many mixed with other 
sorts of clover and grass seeds, for laying down ground to 
pasture. 
As to the other species, which are mostly preserved in bo¬ 
tanic gardens, they are easily propagated by seeds, sown in 
an open bed of ground, either in autumn or spring. 
TRI'FOLY, s. [trifolium, Lat.] Sweet trefoil. Maton. 
—She was crowned with a chaplet of trifoly. B. Jonson. 
2 A TRI'FORM, 
