102 T R I 
length of the head; the nostrils linear; and that the feet have 
each four toes, the outmost being generally connected at 
bottom by a small membrane. The species are numerous, 
and as follow. 
1. Tringa pugnax.—With red bill and legs; three lateral 
tail-feathers unspotted, and face granulated with fleshy papillae. 
2. Tringa vanellus.—With red legs, dependent crest, and 
black breast. This is the lapwing or bastard plover of Ray, 
Willughby, Pennant, &c. 
3. Tringa gambetta.—With red bill and feet; body varie¬ 
gated with yellow and cinereous; beneath white. This is 
the totanus ruber of Brisson, the totanus alter of Willughby 
and Ray, and gambet of Pennant and Latham. 
4. Tringa interpres.—With red legs; black body, varied 
with white and ferruginous; and white breast and abdomen. 
This is the arenaria of Brisson, the Hebridal sand-piper of 
Pennant, the turnstone or sea-dotterel of Ray, Willughby, 
Latham, &c. 
The morinella, or tringa with red feet, blackish tail-feathers, 
white at the base, grey body, and black breast; or arenaria 
cinerea of Brisson, is a variety. 
5. Tringa striata.—With base of bill and legs red; tail-fea¬ 
thers white with bands of brown, and many white tail-feathers. 
This is the totanus striatus of Brisson, and striated sand-piper 
of Pennant, &c. The totanus nsevius of Brisson is a variety. 
6 . Tringa bononiensis.—Withochraceous legs; long head 
and neck; body above black, and beneath white; throat 
and breast marked with ferruginous spots: the greater lap¬ 
wing of Latham. 
7. Tringa macularis.—With base of bill and legs incar¬ 
nated; body spotted; eye-brows and double band of the 
wings white. This is the turd us aquaticus of Brisson, the 
spotted tringa of Edwards, and the spotted sand-piper of 
Pennant. 
8 . Tringa lobata.—With subulate bill, bent at the apex; 
pinnated legs, and white undulated breast •. the grey coot¬ 
footed tringa of Edwards, and grey phalarope of Pennant and 
Latham. Of this there is a variety, white beneath, black 
above, with yellowish longitudinal streaks; the baud of the 
wings white; and legs lobated. 
9. Tringa hyperborea.—With subulate bill, bent at the 
apex; pinnated legs; cinereous breast, and sides of the neck 
ferruginous: the cock coot-footed tringa of Edwards, the 
small cloven-footed gull of Willughby, and red phalarope of 
Pennant and Latham. 
10. Tringa erythropus.—With red legs, front, rump and 
tail red and white; the body above and wings cinereous- 
brown ; the abdomen ferruginous: the red-legged sand-piper 
of Latham. 
11. Tringa alpina. — Testaceous-brown, with blackish 
breast; tail-feathers cinereous, whitish; legs brownish. 
12. Tringa Helvetica.—With black bill and legs; beneath 
black; white vent; tail-feathers white with black bands : the 
Swiss sand-piper of Pennant. 
13. Tringa ochropus.—With the apex of the bill pointed ; 
legs greenish; black brown and green : abdomen and out¬ 
ermost tail-feathers white: the cinclus tertius of Aldr., Ray, 
and Will., the ocrophus mediusof Gesner, and green sand¬ 
piper of Pennant and Latham. Of this there is a variety, 
viz. littorea, with smooth bill, cinereous legs, and brown 
tail-feathers: the shore sand-piper of Pennant; and also 
another variety, with the back and wings cinereous, with ob¬ 
solete whitish spots. 
14. Tringa hypoleucos.—With smooth bill; livid legs; 
body cinereous with black streaks; beneath white: the com¬ 
mon sand-piper of Ray, Willughby, and Pennant. 
15. Tringa canutus.—With smooth bill; cinereous legs; 
first tail-feathers serrated; and the outer white unspotted. 
This is the knot of Pennant, &c. 
16. Tringa arenaria.—-With black bill and legs; grey 
body; under and whole face white; collars grey. 
17. Tringa fasciata.—With bill, vertex, hiud part of the 
head,-spot near the eyes, and abdomen, black; front and round¬ 
ed tail white; back cinereous; seven first tail-feathers white. 
18. Tringa cinclus.—With bill and legs black; collars 
N G A. 
white; tail and rump grey and brown. This is the least 
snipe of Ray and Sloane, the wagtail of Brown, the sander- 
ling of Albinus, and the purre of Pennant. The cinclus with 
brown legs is a variety. 
19. Tringa calidris.—With bill and legs blackish; body 
beneath olivaceous; and rump variegated: the dusky sand¬ 
piper of Latham. 
20. Tringa pusilla.—With brown bill and legs; body be¬ 
neath reddish; outer tail-feathers with a white shaft, and 
variegated rump: the little sand-piper of Pennant.—Found 
in St. Domingo, north of Europe, and rarely in England. 
21. Tringa glareola.—With smooth bill; greenish legs; 
body punctated brown and white; breast whitish: the wood 
sand-piper of Pennant and Latham.—Found in Sweden. 
22. Tringa ruficollis.—With black legs; head above and 
neck striated with ferruginous and black: and ferruginous 
throat; the red-necked purre of Latham. 
23. Tringa squatarola.—With black bill; greenish legs; 
grey body, beneath whitish: the grey plover of Ray, &c. 
and grey sand-piper of Pennant and Latham. Of this there 
is a variety, with black bill and legs; body brown, varie¬ 
gated with white: tail-feathers white with brown bands. 
24. Tringa Islandica.—With brown bill and legs; body 
beneath ferruginous; secondary tail-feather with a white 
margin: the red sand-piper of Pennant. 
25. Tringa cinerea.—Cinereous; beneath white; legs ob¬ 
scurely green; head with black spots; neck obscurely vir- 
gated: the ash-coloured sand-piper of Pennant and Latham. 
26. Tringa atra.—With black head and neck; back and 
wings brownish, mixed with black; breast and abdomen 
cinereous; rump cinereous, undulated with white and black. 
27. Tringa noveboracensis. — Obscure, beneath white; 
breast spotted with brown; tail cinereous: New York sand¬ 
piper of Pennant and Latham. 
28. Tringa virgata.-—Obscure, beneath white; with yel¬ 
lowish legs; head and neck obscurely striated lengthwise 
with white: streaked sand-piper of Latham. 
29. Tringa borealis.—With brown bill and legs; body- 
above cinereous, beneath white; tail and tail-feathers obscure. 
30. Tringa novae-terree.—Above black, beneath ash-white; 
bill, spurious wings, tail-feathers, and tail, black; with cine¬ 
reous legs: Newfoundland sand-piper of Latham. 
31. Tringa variegata.—Above varied with brown, black, 
and red; front and throat pale; neck and breast streaked 
with whitish and black longitudinally; abdomen white; bill 
and legs obscure: variegated sand-piper of Latham. 
32. Tringa glacial is.—-With pinnated yellowish legs; apex 
of black bill dilated; cheeks and throat testaceous; body 
above obscure, beneath white: plain phalarope of Pennant. 
33. Tringa fusca.—With bill, vertex, and legs pinnated 
and black; body above brownish and cinereous, beneath 
white; throat cinereous, tinctured with red: the coot-footed 
tringa of Edwards, and brown phalarope of Pennant and 
Latham 
34. Tringa cancellatus.—With upper feathers brown, 
white at the margin; lower white lineated transversely ob¬ 
scurely ; pinnated legs obscure. 
35. Tringa leucoptera.—Black, beneath red, with cinereous 
bill, green legs, white wings and yellow vent: the white¬ 
winged sand-piper of Latham. 
36. Tringa maritima.—Above varied with grey and white; 
beneath white, with yellow legs; middle of the back violet; 
throat and tail obscure: the selninger sand-piper of Latham. 
37. Tringa undala. — Obscure, undulated with yellow 
and white; the rump, the tip of the secondary tail-feathers, 
and wing-coverts, white; tail cinereous, white at the apex: 
the waved sand-piper of Pennant and Latham. 
38. Tringa uniformis.—Wholly dilutely cinereous, with a 
short black bill: uniform sand-piper of Pennant and Latham. 
39. Tringa Australis.—Above cinereous, spotted brown; 
beneath reddish; abdomen and rump whitish; tail and tail- 
feathers obscure; bill and legs black: southern sand-piper 
of Latham. 
40. Tringa Nsevia.—With obscure bill; legs greenish; 
body above cinereous, spotted with red and black; beneath 
reddish 
