130 
T S C 
district of Emmenthal, among the Alps. It is noted for its 
cheese and, is 22 miles south-east of Bern. 
TSCIIATYRDAGH, a mountain in the south of Euro¬ 
pean Russia, in the Crimea, and the highest of the chain of 
the mountains of Taurida. It consists of calcareous rock, 
and is 4900 feet above the level of the sea. 
TSCHAUSSY, or Czaussy, a town in the west of Euro¬ 
pean Russia, in the government of Mohdev, with 3000 inha- 
habitants ; 25 miles east of Mohilev. 
TSCHEBOKSARY, a town in the east of European 
Russia, in the government of Kasan, on the Wolga. It 
contains 5000 inhabitants; 80 miles west of Kasan. 
TSCHEG, Great and Little, two villages of Transyl¬ 
vania, in the county of Clausenburg, noted for their mineral 
springs. 
TSCIIEITE, or Tschachtitz, a small town in the 
north-west of Hungary, in the palatinate of Neutra; 18 miles 
north of Leopoldstadt. 
TSCHENBAR, a town of the east of European Russia, 
in the government of Pensa, on a small river of the same 
name, with 1200 inhabitants; 60 miles west-south-west of 
Pensa. 
TSCHEPEL, an island in the Danube, below Pest, in 
Hungary. It is about 20 miles long, and is remarkable 
chiefly for an abundance of game, particularly hares. 
TSCHEPLIN, a large village of Prussian Saxony, on the 
river Mulda, to the north of Eilenburg. 
TSCHEPPLAU, a small town of Prussia, in Silesia, and 
the principality of Glogau, with 1000 inhabitants. 
TSCHERBENIDSCHE, or Trebigne, a considerable 
town in the north-west of European Turkey, in Bosnia. It 
is situated on the small river Trepignizza, is the see of a Ca¬ 
tholic bishop, and is said to contain about 10,000 inhabi¬ 
tants ; 15 miles north-east of Ragusa, and 58 south-by-east 
of Mostar. 
TSCHERDIN, a small town in the east of European 
Russia, in the government of Perm, on the Kolva. It has 
2500 inhabitants; 85 miles north-north-east of Perm. Lat. 
60. 33. N. long. 54. 18. E. 
TSCHEREMISSES, or Mari, a tribe of Finnish origin, 
settled on the banks of the Kama, and in the governments 
ofViatka, Simbirsk, Kasan, and Orenbourg, in Europeau 
Russia. They resemble the natives of Finland in their 
appearance, manners, and language. A great part of them 
have been converted to Christianity, but the remainder are 
either Mahometans or Pagans. 
TSCHERIKOV, a small town in the west of Russia, in 
the government of Mohilev, on the river Soscha, with 1800 
inhabitants; 44 miles south-east of Mohilev. 
TSCHERIKOW’S ISLAND, an island in the North 
Pacific ocean, observed by Vancouver in 1794, and so 
called after Tscherikow, the companion of Behring’s disco¬ 
veries. The centre of the island is in lat. 55. 49. N. long. 
205. 4. E. 
TSCHERKASK, the capital of the Don Cossacks, a well 
known tribe on the banks of the river Don, in the south-east 
of European Russia. The town now called Old Tscherkask, 
is situated on the right bank of the Aksai, a branch of the 
Don, and is surrounded on every side by water and marshes, 
which remain during the whole summer, and occasion various 
diseases. This led to a removal, after the peace of 1814, of 
the capital to New Tscherkask, situated at the confluence of 
the Aksai and Turlov, at the distance of 5 miles from the 
old town. The old town has a particular slobode or quarter 
assigned to its Tartar inhabitants, and is situated 40 miles 
east-by-north of Azoph, and 250 east-south-east of Ekater- 
inoslav. Lat. 47. 13. 34. long. 39. 50. 15. E. 
TSCIIERKASSY, or Tscherkesk, a town in the south¬ 
west of European Russia, in the government of Kiev, on the 
Dnieper. Population 3200; 110 miles south-south-east of 
Kiev. 
TSCHERNAMBL, or Zf.rnamel, a small town of Aus¬ 
trian Illyria, in Carniola, with 1100 inhabitants; 11 miles 
south of Neustadtel. 
TSCHERTASH, a small town in the interior of Eu- 
T S C 
ropean Russia, in the government of Perm, with 2000 inha-» 
bitants. 
TSCHETAZUGA, a small town and fortress of European 
Turkey, in Moldavia, in the district called the Zara de Suss. 
TSCHETNEK, or Stitnik, a town in the north of Hun¬ 
gary ; 13 miles north of Gomer, and 42 north of Erlau. Popu¬ 
lation 3800. 
TSCHIEFER, a village of Prussia, in Silesia, and the 
circle of Freystadt, with 900 inhabitants. 
TSCHIRNAU, Gross or Great, a small town of Prus¬ 
sian Silesia ; 20 miles east of Gross Glogau. Population 900. 
TSCH1RNHAUSEN (Ehrenfried Walter von), an in¬ 
genious mathematician, was a descendant of a noble Bo¬ 
hemian family, and born at Kislingswald, in Upper Lusatia, 
in 1651. Having studied for some time at the university of 
Leyden, directing his particular attention to mathematics 
and philosophy, he entered into the Dutch army in 1672, 
and for the purpose of further improvement visited France, 
Sicily, Italy, and Malta. He also established three glass¬ 
houses in Saxony, with a view to the improvement of the 
science of optics, and having shewn how porcelain might be 
made from an earth found in that country, he may be re¬ 
garded as the founder of the Dresden porcelain manufactory. 
As to his claims on the invention of caustic curves, we refer 
to the article Caustic Curve. His account of them was 
communicated to the Academy of Sciences at Paris, in 1682. 
See also the same Memoirs for 1703. For the construction 
and powers of his burning-glass, constructed about the year 
1687, we refer to the article Burning-G/ims. Heedless of 
the fame which he so justly acquired, Tschirhausen took 
delight in encouraging the researches of others, who were 
engaged in pursuits similar to his own, and was at con¬ 
siderable expence in printing works of public utility. He 
died, highly esteemed and much regretted, in the month of 
September 1708. He furnished the Leipsic Transactions with 
many articles; and also the Memoirs of the Academy of 
Sciences with the following: viz. “ Observations on Burn¬ 
ing-glasses of three or four Feet Diameter,” in the vol. for 
1699 ; “ Observations on the Glass of a Telescope convex 
on both sides, and of thirty-two Feet focal Distance,” 1700; 
“ On the Radii of Curvatures, and finding the Tangents, 
Quadratures, and Rectifications of many Curves,” 1701; 
“On the Tangents of Mechanical Curves,” 1702; and 
“ On a Method of Quadratures.” The only work published 
separately, was his “ Medicina Mentis,” resembling Male- 
branche’s “ Recherche de la Verite,” but much more ex¬ 
tensive; first published in 1687, and again with improve¬ 
ments in 1695. Montucla, Hist, des Mathem. Huttons 
Math. Diet. 
TSCHORLI, anciently Ti/rilos, a small inland town of 
European Turkey, in Romania. It is noted for its cheese. 
TSCHUDES, the general name of the various tribes of 
Finnish descent, but applied more particularly to theribes of 
living in the vicinity of the gulf of Bothnia, viz., the Finns 
properly so called, the Laplanders, the Esthonians, and the 
Livonians. 
TSCHUDI (iEgidius), an eminent Swiss historian, was 
descended from a noble family, and born at Glarus in 1505. 
After completing his school education, he went to Basle, 
and accompanied his preceptor, Glareanus, to France, with 
a view to further improvement. Upon his return to his 
native place he was employed, in 1528, on a mission re¬ 
specting the Reformation, in which he conducted himself to 
the satisfaction of both Reformers and Catholics; and in 
the following year was chosen chief magistrate of Sargans. 
By his discharge of the duties of this office, he gained in¬ 
creasing reputation, and more extended trusts of a similar 
kind. His great object was to enlarge his acquaintance 
with the Helvetic history; nor did he cease to pursue it, 
even in the military service of France, or in any of the 
honorable stations which he was appointed to occupy. To¬ 
wards the close of his life, he was severely afflicted with the 
stone, but death terminated his pains and labours in the year 
1572, and the 69th year of his age. His principal works 
were “ A Description of the ancient Rhsetia,” published 
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