137 
T U L I P A. 
TULIA, an inconsiderable villageof Ireland* in the county 
of Clare; 102 miles west-south-west of Dublin castle. 
TULIAN, a settlement of South America, in the province 
of Tucuman. 
TU'LIP, 5 . [ tulipe , French ; tulipa, Latin.] A flower. 
—The tulip opens with the rising, and shuts with the setting 
sun. Hake-will. 
TULIPA [from the resemblance of the flower to the east¬ 
ern head-dress called Tulipan or Turban ], in Botany, a 
genus of the class hexandria, order monogynia, natural or¬ 
der of coronarise, lilia (Juss .)—'Generic Character. Ca- 
Ivx none. Corolla bell-shaped. Petals six, ovate-oblong, 
concave, erect. Stamina: filaments six, awl-shaped, very 
short. Anthers quadrangular, oblong, erect, distant. Pistil: 
germ large, oblong, from three-cornered round. Style none. 
Stigma three-lobed, triangular; angles protuberant, bifid; 
permanent. Pericarp: capsule three-sided, three-celled three- 
valved; valves ciliate at the edge, ovate. Seeds numerous, flat, 
incumbent in a double row, semicircular, separated by similar 
flocks.— Essential Character. Corolla six-petalled, bell¬ 
shaped. Style none. 
1. Tulipa sylvestris, or yellow tulip.—Flower solitary, 
somewhat drooping; leaves lanceolate; stigma triangular, 
abrupt, slightly three-cleft; stamens hairy at the base; pe¬ 
tals acute, hairy at the tip.-—Native of Sweden, England, 
Bohemia, Germany, Switzerland, and France. 
2. Tulipa celsiana, or small yellow tulip.—Flower mostly 
solitary, erect; leaves lanceolate; stigma triangular, with 
three short, rounded, downy lobes; stamens slightly hairy 
above their base; petals smooth at the tip.-—Native of the 
south of Europe, and of the banks of the Wolga. 
3. Tulipa biflora, or two-flowered yellow tulip.—Stem 
two or three-flowered, with two spreading lanceolate leaves; 
stigma triangular, abrupt, downy, scarcely notched ; petals 
widely spreading, hairy, like the stamens, above their base; 
smooth at the tip.—Native of salt deserts about the river 
Wolga. 
4. Tulipa sibthorpiana, or yellow Greek tulip.—Stem sin¬ 
gle-flowered, smooth ; flower drooping; petals obtuse; 
stigma club-shaped; filaments hairy all over.—First observed 
by the late professor Sibthorpe, near the ancient Cressa, now 
Porto Cavalieri, in Asia Minor. 
5. Tulipa clausiana, or red and white Italian tulip.—Stem 
single-flowered, smooth; flower erect; petals acute,smooth; 
leaves linear-lanceolate.—-Native of Italy, Sicily, and Persia. 
6. Tulipa suaveolens, or early dwarf tulip.—Stem single 
flowered, downy; flower erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate; 
downy above; petals and filaments smooth.—Supposed to 
be a native of the south of Europe. 
7. Tulipa oculis solis —Stem single-flowered, smooth, as 
well as the petals and filaments; flower erect; leaves ovate- 
lanceolate, finely fringed.—Found about Agen, in France, 
and several places in the southern part of that kingdom. 
8. Tulipa gesneriana, or common garden tulip.—Stem 
single-flowered, smooth, as well as the petals and filaments ; 
flower erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glaucous, smooth; 
lobes of the stigma decurrent, deeply divided.—Native of 
the country bordering on mount Caucasus, where it flowers 
in April. 
. The several varieties of these early-blowing tulips rise 
to different heights in their stems, and scarcely any two 
of them are equal. The Duke Van Toll, which is one 
of the first that appears in the spring, is generally very short- 
stalked, and the others, in proportion to their earliness, are 
shorter than those which succeed them; and the late-blowers 
are all considerably longer in their stems than any of the 
early-blowers. 
The late-blowing tulips producing much finer flowers than 
the early ones, have engrossed almost the whole attention of 
the florists : it would be to little purpose to enumerate all the 
varieties, since there is scarcely any end of their numbers ; 
and what some value at a considerable rate, others reject; and 
as there . are annually many new flowers obtained from 
seeds, those which are old, if they have not yery good 
Von. XXIV. No. 1632. 
properties to recommend them, are thrown out and despised. 
It is observed further, that modern florists in Holland and 
Flanders, and our English florists from them, boast a prodi¬ 
gious variety of late-blowing tulips. And that Mr. Mad- 
dock, of Walworth, so long ago as 1792, had no less 
than about six hundred and sixty-five of these admired 
beauties, all ranged under their proper families and 
colours, with their names and prices: besides the early 
sorts, double tulips, parrot-tulips, French tulips, and breeders. 
And moreover that the late-blowers are distributed into five 
families. 1. Primo baguets: very tall; fine cups, with white 
bottoms, well broken, with fine brown, and all from the same 
breeder. 2. Baguets rigauts: not quite so tall, but with 
strong stems, and very large well-formed cups with white 
bottoms, well broken with fine brown, and all from the same 
breeder. 3. Incomparable verports: a particular kind of 
Bybloemens; with most, perfect cups, very fine white bot¬ 
toms, well broken with shining brown, and all from the same 
breeder^ some of these are from two to five guineas a root. 
4. Bybloemens: with bottoms white, or nearly so, from 
different breeders, and broken with a variety of colours: 
those of the Verports are cherry and rose. 5. Bizarres: ground 
yel*nv, from different breeders, and broken with a variety of 
colours. These barbarous terms, used by the Dutch florists, 
are, it is said, a mixture of Dutch and French. Baguet is 
from the French baguette , a rod or wand, so named from its 
tall slender stem. Bizarre is also French, and the tulips of 
that family have the name from the variety and irregularity 
of their colours. Rigauts are probably from the name of 
some eminent florist, as Rigaud. The other terms are Dutch. 
Breeders are of one colour, and when broken produce new 
varieties, which are now almost endless. 
The properties of a fine variegated late tulip, accord¬ 
ing to the best modem florists, are these: 1, The stem 
should be strong, upright, and tall; about thirty inches high. 
2. The flower should be large, composed of six petals, pro¬ 
ceeding a little horizontally at first, and then turning up¬ 
wards, so as to form an almost perfect cup, with a round bot¬ 
tom, rather wider at the top. 3. The three outer petals should 
be rather larger than the three inner ones, and broader at their 
base : all the petals should have the edges perfectly entire ; 
the top of each should be broad and well rounded; the 
ground colour at the bottom of the cup should be clear white 
or yellow, and the various rich stripes, wich are the principal 
ornament of a fine flower, should be regular, bold, and dis¬ 
tinct on the margin, and terminate in fine broken points, 
elegantly feathered or pencilled. 4. The centre of each pe¬ 
tal should contain one or more bold blotches or stripes, inter¬ 
mixed with small portions of the original colour, abruptly 
broken into many irregular obtuse points. Some florists, it 
is said, are of opinion that the central stripes or blotches do 
not contribute to the beauty of the tulip, unless they are con¬ 
fined to a narrow stripe exactly down the centre; and that 
they should be perfectly free from any remains of the original 
colour: it is certain that such flowers appear very beautiful 
and delicate, especially when they have a regular narrow 
feathering at the edge: but it is unanimously agreed, that the 
tulip should abound in rich colouring, distributed in a dis¬ 
tinct and regular manner throughout the flower, except in 
the bottom of the cup, which should indisputably be of a 
clear bright white or yellow, free from stain or tinge, in order 
to. constitute a perfect flower. 
The colours which are generally held in the greatest esti¬ 
mation in the variegated or striped sorts of tulips, are the 
blacks, the golden yellows, the purple violets, the rose and 
the Vermillion, each of which being varied in different wavs; 
but such as are striped with three different colours, in a 
distinct and unmixed manner, with strong regular streaks, 
with but little or no tinge at all of the breeder, are supposed 
the most perfect. However, though it is extremely difficult 
to meet with such as possess all these estimable properties 
of good flowers of this sort, yet many are found which 
have sufficient perfection to become of high value as 
fine flowers. The double and parrot tulips, are held 
2 N in 
