144 
T U R 
T U R 
kingdom of New Granada, and province of Carthagena. 
Here and there limpid springs rise out of a calcareous rock, 
which contains numerous fragments of petrified coral, and 
are shaded by the splendid foliage of the anacardium cara- 
coli, a tree of colossal size, to which the natives attribute the 
property of attracting from great distances the vapours float¬ 
ing in the atmosphere. As the soil of Turbaco is more than 
300 metres above the level of the ocean, a delightful coolness 
prevails, especially during the night. In order to avoid the 
excessive heats and diseases which prevail during the summer 
at Carthagena, and on the coast, it is the practice for those 
Europeans who are not seasoned to the climate, to retire in¬ 
land to Turbaco. 
TURBAH, a town of Hindostan, province of Bahar, dis¬ 
trict of Chuta Nagpore. Lat- 22. 32. N. long. 85. 5. E. 
TU'RBAN, Tu'rband, Tu'rbant, s. [Turkish, dulbant 
or tulbant; hence the old Engl, tulibant , and tuli-pant, 
the former in Puttenham’s Art of Poesie, the latter repeatedly 
in Sir T. Herbert’s Travels.] The cover worn by the Turks 
on their heads. 
Gates of monarchs 
Arch’d are so high, that giants may jet through. 
And keep their impious turbands on, without 
Good-morrow to the sun. Shalspeare. 
His hat was in the form of a turban , not so huge as the 
Turkish turbans. Bacon. 
In Eastern nations, making up turbans constitutes a par¬ 
ticular trade, as the making of hats does among us. 
The emirs, who pretend to be descended of the race of 
Mahomet, wear their turbans green: those of the other Turks 
are ordinarily red, with a white sash. The genteel people 
have frequent changes of turbans. M. de Tournefort ob¬ 
serves, that the turban, all things considered, is a very com¬ 
modious dress; and that he even found it more easy to him 
than his French habit. 
The grand seignor’s turban is as big as a bushel, and is 
so exceedingly respected by the Turks, that they dare scarcely 
touch it. It is adorned with three plumes of feathers en¬ 
riched with diamonds and precious stones: he has a minister 
on purpose to look to it, called tulbentoglan. 
That of the grand vizier has two plumes; so have those 
of divers other officers, only smaller one than another; 
others have only one, and others none at all. The turban 
of the officers of the divan is of a peculiar form, and called 
mugencxek. 
The sash of the Turk’s turban, we have observed, is white 
linen; that of the Persians is red woollen. These are the 
distinguishing marks of their different religions; Sophi, 
king of Persia, who was of the sect of Ali, being the first 
who assumed that colour, to distinguish himself from the 
Turks, who are of the sect of Omar, and whom the Persians 
esteem heretics 
TU'RBANED, adj. [from turban. Sir T. Herbert, tuli- 
panted. ] Wearing a turban; dressed with a turban. 
A turban'd Turk 
That beat a Venetian, and traduc’d the state, 
I took by the throat. Shalcspeare. 
The better sort, to vary from the vulgar, are tulipanted. 
Sir T. Herbert. 
TU'RBARY, s. [turbaria , low Lat.] The right of 
digging turf. Skinner. —The place where turfs are digged. 
Dowel. 
TURBIA, a small town in the north of Italy, in Pied¬ 
mont, province of Sospello, situated in a small plain sur¬ 
rounded by three hills. Population 800. 
TU’RBID, adj. [turbiclus, Latin.] Thick; muddy; not 
clear.—The ordiuary springs, which were before clear, fresh, 
and limpid, become thick and turbid, as long as the earth¬ 
quake lasts. Woodward. 
TU'RBIDLY, adv. Haughtily; proudly: a latinism. — 
A person of small merit is anxiously jealous of imputations 
on his honour, because he knows his title is weak; one of 
great merit turbid/y resents them, because he knows his title 
is strong. Young. 
TU'RBIDNESS, s. Muddiness; thickness. 
TURBIGO, a small town of Austrian Italy, in the Mi¬ 
lanese, on the Naviglio Grande; 18 miles west of Milan. 
TU'RBINATED, adj. [turbinatus, Lat.] Twisted; 
spiral; passing from narrower to wider.—Let mechanism 
here produce a spiral and turbinated motion of the whole 
moved body without an external director. Bentley .— 
Whirling as a body that turns round its own axis.—The 
oval figure of Mercury might be caused by the velocity of 
its turbinated or diurnal motion. Hist. R. S. —Among 
botanists, plants are called turbinated, as some parts of them 
resemble or are of a conical figure. Diet. 
TURBINA'TION, s. The act of spinning like a top. 
Cockeram. 
TURBIO, a small river of Brazil, in the province of Rio 
Janeiro, which runs west, and enters the Parana between the 
rivers Paranapana and Tiete. 
TU'RBITH, s. [turpethus, Latin.] Yellow mercury pre¬ 
cipitate.—I sent him twelve grains of turbith mineral, and 
purged it off with a bitter draught. I repeated the turbith 
once in three days; and the ulcers shell’d soon off. Wiseman. 
TURBITH Mineral [Turpethum Minera!e~\, is a name 
which the chemists give to a yellow precipitate of mercury, 
now called protoxide of mercury. 
TURBO, a river of New Granada, in the province of 
Choco, which falls into the Atlantic. 
TURBO, in the Linnaean system of Zoology, is a genus 
of the Testacea order of worms. Its characters are; that its 
animal is a slug; the shell univalve, spiral, and solid ; and 
the aperture straightened, orbiculated, and entire. Gmelin, 
in his edition of Linnaeus, enumerates one hundred and seven¬ 
teen species, besides several varieties. See Conchology. 
TU'RBOT, s. [ turbot , French and Dutch; rhombus, 
Lat.] A delicate fish.—Of fishes you shall find in arms the 
whale, the salmon, the turbot Peacham. 
The turbot is a species of pleuronectes. See Pleuro- 
nectes Maximus. 
TU'RBULENCE, or Tu'rbulency, s. [turbulence, Fr.; 
turbulentia, Latin.] Tumult; confusion. 
I have dream’d 
Of bloody turbulence ; and this whole night 
Hath nothing been tut forms of slaughter. Shakspeare. 
Disorder of passions. 
I come to calm thy turbulence of mind. 
If reason will resume her sov’reign sway. Dry den. 
Tumultuousness; tendency to confusion. 
You think this turbulence of blood. 
From stagnating preserves the flood, 
Which thus fermenting by degrees. 
Exalts the spirits, sinks the lees. Swift. 
TU'RBUI.ENT, adj. [ turbulentus , Lat.] Raising agita¬ 
tion ; producing commotion. 
From the clear milky juice allaying 
Thirst, and refresh’d ; nor envy’d them the grape, 
Whose heads that turbulent liquor fills with fumes. Milton. 
Exposed to commotion; liable to agitation. 
Calm region once, 
And full of peace; now tost, and turbulent. Milton. 
Tumultuous; violent. 
What wondrous sort of death has heav’n design'd 
For so untam’d, so turbulent a mind ? Dry den. 
TU'RBULENTLY,<r/i>. Tumultuously;violently. Sher¬ 
wood. 
TURBUT, or Tarbut, a city of Korassan, in Persia, 
defended with a very strong wall, flanked with towers, and 
containing a population of about 18,000 souls. It has 220 
villages dependent on it, and is possessed by a powerful chief, 
who can bring into the field 10,000 troops; 50 miles north¬ 
east of Tursheez. 
TU'RCISM, s. [Turcismus, low Lat.] The religion of 
the Turks.—Methinks I am at Mecca, and hear a piece of 
Turcism preached to me by one of Mahomet’s priests. 
Dr. Maine. 
TURCO, 
