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140 
of Ray, the solitary sparrow of Edwards, and blue thrush 
of Latham.—Found in Candia, the Archipelago islands, and 
the rocks of Italy. 
32. Turdus morio.—Shining black, with the greater tail- 
feathers red, and apex black. The African thrush of La¬ 
tham.—Found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
33. Turdus bicolor.—Brown tinted with green 5 abdomen 
and vent white. The white-rumped thrush of Latham.— 
Found as the former. 
34. Turdus erythropterus.—Black, with red wings; wing- 
covers and lower quill-feathers of the tail, the intermediate 
excepted, white at the apex; tail wedge-formed. The rufous¬ 
winged thrush of Latham.—Found near the Senegal river. 
35. Turdus cantor.—From greenish to black, shining-blue 
and violet; with tail-feathers and tail black. The songster 
thrush of Latham.—Found as the former. 
36. Turdus Malabaricus.—Shining-green; yellow front; 
throat, bill and legs black; covers of the wings and streak 
on the lower mandible blue.—The yellow-fronted thrush of 
Latham.—Found in Malabar. 
37. Turdus zeylonus.—Green; beneath yellow; ocular 
line on both sides extended as far as the black breast. The 
Ceylon thrush of Latham.—Found at Ceylon and the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
Turdus Aquaticus ofBrisson. See Tringa Macularia. 
Turdus Chiappce, the name of a bird of the West Indies 
called also passer falter. 
TURDUS, in Ichthyology, the name of a genus of fishes, 
according to Mr. Ray, of the class of those which have only 
one back-fin, the anterior rays of which are prickly; the 
hinder ones soft and smooth. 
TURENNE, a small town in the central part of France, 
department of the Correze, near the river Tourmente, with 
1600 inhabitants. Before the revolution, it was the chief 
place of a county called Turenne ; 9 miles south-by-east of 
Brives, and 20 south-by-west of Tulle. 
TURENNE (Henry de la Tour), Viscount of, a famous 
general, was the son of Henry de la Tour d’Auvergne, duke 
of Bouillon, by Elizabeth, daughter of William I. prince of 
Orange, and born at Sedan in 1611. Destined from his 
childhood to the military profession, his education and habits 
were conducted and formed with this view. Having acquired 
the necessary qualifications, he was placed, in 1634, at the 
head of a French regiment, in which post he acquitted him¬ 
self with honour; and having pursued a career of distin¬ 
guished services, cardinal Richelieu, in 1638, offered him 
one of his nieces in marriage; but his attachment to the re¬ 
formed religion, led him to decline the proposal. After he 
had served 17 years in Italy and elsewhere with singular re¬ 
putation, he obtained in 1644, the staff of marshal of France, 
and was entrusted with the command of the army in Ger¬ 
many, the wants of which he supplied out of his own purse. 
When the war of the Fronde broke out in 1649, he with¬ 
drew to Holland, but afterwards returned and engaged with 
the party opposed to the court, lu this connection he was 
defeated near Rhetel in 1650; and when asked how he had 
lost this battle, he replied, “ By my own fault; but when a 
man commits no faults in war, it is because he has not been 
long engaged in it.” On July 17, 1675, he was struck by a 
cannon ball, which killed him on the spot, in the 64th year 
of his age. For his life and exploits, see France. 
TURF, s. [cupp, Saxon; torf, Dutch and Swedish; ab 
antiquiss. Goth, torfa, effodere. Serenius.~] A clod 
covered with grass; a part of the surface of the ground. 
Yet shall thy grave with rising flowers be drest. 
And the green turf Me lightly on thy breast. Pope. 
To TURF, v. a. To cover with turfs.—The face of the 
bank next the sea is turfed. Mortimer. 
TU'RFINESS, s. The state of abounding with turfs. 
TUTtFY, adj. Full of turfs; covered with turf; built 
of turf.—Thy turfy mountains, where live nibbling sheep. 
Shakspeare. 
TU'RGENT, adj. \turgent, French; turgens, Latin.] 
Swelling; protuberant; tumid.—Where humours are iur- 
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gent, it is necessary not only to purge them, but also to 
strengthen the infested parts. Gov. of the Tongue ,_ 
Pompous; tumid. — Recompensed with turgent tides. 
Burton. 
TURGE'SCENCE, or Turge'scency, s. [turgescens , 
Latin.] The act of swelling; the state of being swollen.— 
The instant tv.rgescence is not to be taken off, but by me¬ 
dicines of higher natures. Brown. —The turgescency of 
the seminary vessels. Smith on Old Age. —Empty mag¬ 
nificence. 
TURGH, a river of Wales, in the county of Montgomery. 
It rises on the west side of the county, and running eastward 
till it reaches the foot of Mount Golway, turns to the north, 
and after receiving the Wurway, falls into the Tanat. 
TURGHE, a river of Wales, in the county of Carmar¬ 
then. It runs into the Cothey, below Capellanpympsent. 
TU'RGID, adj. [turgidus , Latin.] Swelling; bloated; 
filling more room than before.—A bladder, moderately filled 
with air, and strongly tied, held near the fire, grew turgid 
and hard; and brought nearer, suddenly broke with a ve¬ 
hement noise. Boyle. —Pompous; tumid; fastuous; vainly 
magnificent.—Some have a violent and turgid manner of 
talking and thinking; whatsoever they judge of is with a 
tincture of this vanity. Watts. 
TU'RGIDITY, s. State of being swollen.—The fore¬ 
runners of an apoplexy are dulness, slowness of speech, 
vertigos, weakness, wateriness and turgidity of the eyes. 
Arbuthnot .—Pompousness; empty magnificence.—A sim¬ 
ple, clear, harmonious style; which, taken as a model, may 
be followed without leading the noviciate either into turgidity 
or obscurity. Cumberland. 
TU'RGIDNESS, s. Pompousness.—The turgidness of 
a young scribbler might please his magnificent spirit, always 
upon the stilts. Warburton. 
TURGOT (Anne Robert Jaques), an enlightened and pa¬ 
triotic minister of state, born at Paris in the year-1727. See 
France. 
TURIAMO, a bay on the north coast of South America, 
in the province and government of the Caraccas. It is three 
leagues to the east of Porto Cabello, and extends one league 
from north to south. 
TUR1BASA, a small river of Brazil, in the province of 
Para, which falls into the sea between the Turirana and the 
Gururiba. 
TURIBUNE, a large and rapid river of Quito, in the 
province of Mainas, which runs south-south-east, and enters 
by the north and east into the Curaray. 
TURIN, a large city in the north of Italy, in Piedmont, 
the capital and seat of the Sardinian monarchy. It stands in 
a beautiful plain, on the western bank of the Po, which 
here receives the waters of the Dora Ripuaria, and flows 
past with a copious stream, at a short distance from the 
walls. The situation is extremely agreeable; the country is 
luxuriant: on one side beyond the river rises a beautiful 
range of hills; while on the other a plain strewed with 
villas and gardens, extends as far as the base of the Alps. 
The town is of an oblong form, and its circumference, in¬ 
cluding the ramparts, is about four miles. The principal 
square is near the centre of the town, bears the name of 
Piazza Reale, and ranks, both for its size and beauty, among 
the elegant squares of Europe. On one of its sides stands 
the royal palace; in the centre is the structure erected by 
the dukes of Savoy, and commonly called the Castello 
Reale. On three of the sides of the square are arcades, as 
in the Palais Royal at Paris. The Piazza di St. Carolo, 
though smaller, is entitled to notice, its fa§ades being 
uniform, and its two longer sides having arcades supported 
by pillar?: The theatre of La Gutera was this year, 1828, 
destroyed by fire. 
Of the public walks of Turin, the most frequented are the 
royal gardens: they form the morning rendezvous of the 
fashionable world. The terrace on the other side of the river, 
though commanding a view of great extent, is less frequented. 
The Rondo, extending between the city walls and the banks 
of the Po, is resorted to as an evening walk; while the Va- 
0 lentina, 
