T U R 
chiefly, we believe, Frenchmen. It set sail from Alexandria 
on the 19th of July, under the command of the Pacha's son, 
Ibrahim. On the 4th of September a junction with the 
fleet of the Capilan-Pacha was effected in the gulf of Bod- 
roun ; and next day, the Greek squadron, which had closely 
followed the retreat of Chosrew Pacha from Samos came in 
sight. On the 5th a partial and indecisive action took place 
between the two fleets; another of like character occurred 
on the 9th. On the 10th the Turkish fleet made for Naxos, 
when it was again attacked by the Greeks; a general battle 
ensued, and in the course of which thebrave Canaris, with his 
usual skill and courage, succeeded in fastening a fire-ship on 
one of the largest of the Egyptian frigates, which almost 
immediately blew up with all on board. This explosion 
had the ordinary effect of discouraging the Turks, who 
withdrew in disorder from the contest, and made for Mity- 
lene after suffering a considerable loss in transport vessels. 
All intention of carrying into effect the ulterior objects of 
expedition seems now to have been abandoned for this year. 
The Capitan-Pacha himself returned to Constantinople, leaving 
the greater part of his fleet with the Egyptians. After a 
short stay at Mitylene, Ibrahim Pacha proceeded with his 
whole force to the gulf of Bodroun. From thence he set 
sail again, apparently not so much with the purpose of re¬ 
suming offensive operations, as of re-victualling some of the 
islands, and among the rest Candia. Miaoulis, however, 
was still on the watch for a favourable opportunity of attack ; 
on the 25th of November, he came up" with the Moslems 
off Candia, and nowithstanding the disproportion of their 
respective forces, attacked them immediately with im¬ 
petuosity and with his accustomed success. The Egyptian 
fleet was compelled to fly to Rhodes with a loss of a large 
frigate, twelve smaller vessels of war, and about fifteen 
transports. In these last, it is stated, were taken and sent 
to Napoli, above two thousand black troops, disciplined 
after the European manner, four hundred Arab horses, and 
and an immense quantity of rice and coffee, destined for 
the supply of Candia. 
The Greek government naturally indignant at seeing 
Christian merchants take part with the enemies of their faith, 
by affording them the means of transporting the hordes 
destined against Greece, issued on the 27th of May, a pro¬ 
clamation addressed to the European consuls and vice- 
consuls in those parts, declaring “ that as the masters of 
sundry European vessels have freighted their ships to the 
Turkish government, for the conveyance of troops, stores, 
and provisions, in opposition to the advice of their consuls, 
and in contravention of the principles of neutrality pro¬ 
fessed by their respective sovereigns, in the present contest in 
which Greece is engaged, all such vessels, together with their 
crews, shall be considered as no longer belonging to any 
neutral nation, but as enemies, and shall, as such, be at¬ 
tacked, burnt, or sunk, together with their crews, by the 
ships of the Greek fleet, or by any other armed Greek force 
that may fall in with them.” 
The lord high commissioner of the Ionian islands, Sir 
Frederic Adam, who had lately succeeded to that post on 
the death of Sir Thomas Maitland, immediately and loudly 
remonstrated against this measure, and finding the provincial 
government not disposed to revoke it, issued a proclamation 
reprobating their conduct, and expressing his determination 
to seize their armed vessels. 
At the same time Sir Harry Neale, commanding the 
British naval force in the Mediterranean, was ordered to enter 
the Archipelago, and proceed to Napoli di Romania. The 
provisional government, alarmed by the menacing repre¬ 
sentations of the government of the Ionian Islands, had 
published on the 27th of August, a resolution which de¬ 
clared the decree of the 27th of May to be revoked, with 
regard to all neutral ships that had not Turkish troops on 
board. Admiral Neale, not satisfied with this resolution, 
demanded, on his arrival before Napoli, the unconditional 
and complete revocation of the original decree. Hereupon 
another resolution was taken, which, as there was as yet no 
KEY. 187 
printing-office at Napoli, was published and posted up in 
manuscript, and which, in short but precise and positive 
terms, revokes the decree of the 27th of May. 
The sieges or blockades of Patrass, Coron, and Modon, 
which the late troubles had interrupted, were now resumed ; 
and at the close of the year the affairs of the Greeks, both 
as respected the success of their arms, and the vigour of their 
internal administration, presented, perhaps, a more prosper¬ 
ous aspect than ever. What they chiefly wanted was money: 
an attempt had been made by their friends in England to 
supply the deficiency, by taking advantage of the mania 
which at the time raged in this country, to negociate a 
loan for the provisional government of Greece. A loan of 
800,000/. was accordingly contracted for, and considerable 
advances made on that account to the government at Napoli. 
This appears, however, to have been frittered away in a 
scandalous manner. 
The progress of the contest could not fail to be at this 
time a subject of serious interest to all the leading powers of 
Christendom, and hopes were entertained that they would at 
length interpose their powerful mediation with the Ottoman 
court, to induce it to assent to some arrangement which 
would substantially leave to the Greeks the enjoyment of 
that independence which their arms had so gloriously con¬ 
quered, and of which all the efforts of the divan had hitherto 
proved utterly unavailing to deprive them. In the course of 
the summer a paper appeared on this subject, purporting to 
be a “ Memoir on the Pacification of Greece,” from the 
court of St. Petersburgh. We have no other strong ground 
for assuming the authenticity of this document, except that 
it has never been publicly disavowed by the government to 
which it is attributed. The memoir begins by adverting to 
the necessity which exists for putting an end to the struggle 
in Greece, in a manner that would give a triumph neither to 
the Turks on one hand, nor a sanction to the cause of in¬ 
surrection and revolution on the other. It was thought, 
therefore, that a compromise might be devised, by which 
says the paper, “according to examples taken from the 
history of Turkey itself, it may be possible to establish three 
principalities on the Greek continent. The first will be 
composed of Thessaly, of Bceotia and Attica, or eastern 
Greece. The second will comprise the coast anciently be¬ 
longing to Venice, (with the exception of what now belongs 
to Austria,) Epirus and Arcanania, or western Greece. The 
third will comprehend the Morea, to which may be 
joined the isle of Candia, or southern Greece. The 
islands will be subject to a municipal regime, and governed 
nearly as they are at present.” 
The note then went on to specify the precedents for such 
an arrangement which the annals of the Ottoman empire 
itself afforded, and proceeds to state it as the opinion of the 
Russian government, “ That the Greeks could not reasonably 
carry their hopes farther. They would thus enjoy liberty 
and freedom of commerce, and would have their own fla°\ 
The Greek patriarch, who would continue to reside at Con¬ 
stantinople, would there be, in a certain sense, the represen¬ 
tative of the nation. The Turks would preserve garrisons 
and several fortresses, having a line marked out beyond 
which they should not go. 
“ There would be, moreover, neither Turkish pacha nor 
governor, but each of the principalities would pay a tribute 
proportioned to its extent and its wealth. 
“ The rules relating to the interior organization would 
become the object of a second negociation among the 
powers. The porte, on its side, would find a real advantage 
in negociating. A fourth campaign will probably have no 
better success than the preceding ones; while the proposed 
arrangement would secure to it peace and tranquillity, toge¬ 
ther with the regular revenues arising from the tribute of 
the different principalities. 
“ Up to the present time, rebellious pachas disturb at 
every instant its repose, and reserve for themselves the 
treasures which they wrest from the people. These revolts 
of ambitious and grasping pachas would cease. 
“ Mahomed 
