212 
T Y P 
Hexham, and form a large river, which flowing to Newcas¬ 
tle, enters the German ocean by the estuary of Tynemouth. 
At Newcastle the Tyne is a fine, deep, and noble stream ; 
its banks are steep, and the ground rises on each side to a 
considerable height. The fisheries of the Tyne were long 
celebrated for the excellence of their salmon, but are now 
nearly destroyed; a circumstance which is ascribed to the 
locks at By well, which prevent the salmon passing up to 
the shallow streams in the breeding season. The spring 
tides rise about 18 feet at the mouth of the Tyne, and about 
11| feet at Newcastle. The river is navigable at Newcastle 
for vessels of 300 or 400 tons burden; and larger vessels 
deliver their cargoes at Shields, a few miles lower down. 
The conservatorship of the Tyne appears to have been in¬ 
vested in the corporation of Newcastle since the time of 
Edward II., though repeated commissions have since been 
granted to strengthen that power. Their jurisdiction extends 
to high-water mark on both sides of the river, from the sea 
to Hedwyn streams, above Newburn, which distance is 
annually surveyed on Ascension-day by tire mayor and river 
jury, in their barges. 
TYNE, a river of Scotland, in Haddingtonshire, which 
rises in the county of Mid-Lothian, and after a north-east 
course of nearly 30 miles, passing the town of Haddington, 
tails into the sea 2 miles north of Dunbar. 
TYNEHAM, West, a parish of England, in Dorset¬ 
shire; miles west-by-south of Corfe Castle. 
TYNEHEAD, North, a township of England, in the 
parish of Simonburn, Northumberland. 
TYNEMOUTH, a village of England, in the county of 
Northumberland, situated at the mouth of the river Tyne, 
about a mile below North Shields. It is chiefly noted for 
its ancient castle and priory, situated on a high rock, and 
inaccessible from the sea. This castle was a place of great 
strength in early times, and belonged to the Earls of Nor¬ 
thumberland. Tynemouth, from its exposed situation, is 
extremely bleak and uncomfortable in the winter season, 
but is much resorted to for sea-bathing during the summer. 
Good lodgings may be procured, and commodious baths 
have been erected within these few years. To a contem¬ 
plative mind, or to a man of taste, nothing can be more 
enchanting than a walk among the extensive and venerable 
ruins of the castle and monastery; and at a few miles dis¬ 
tant along the shore towards the south, are the Marsden 
rocks, often visited by parties of pleasure from hence and 
the neighbouring villages. Across the mouth of the river is 
a bar, which is not above seven feet deep at low water; and 
near it are some dangerous rocks. For the guidance of ships 
by night, light-houses have been set up, and are maintained 
by the Trinity-house at Newcastle. Tynemouth township 
contains 9454 inhabitants; 9 miles east of Newcastle, and 
28C north of London. Lat. 55. 2. N. long. 1. 25. W. 
TYNGSBOROUGH, a post township of the United 
States, in Middlesex county, Massachusetts, on the west side 
of the Merrimack, and north-west side of Chelmsford. 
Here is a grammar school; 28 miles north-west of Boston. 
Population 704. 
TYNIEC, a small town of Austrian Poland, on the Vis¬ 
tula; 7 miles west-south-west of Cracow. 
TYNNINGIIAME, a parish of Scotland, in East Lothian, 
united in 1761 to that of Whitekirk. Population 957. 
TYNRON, a parish of Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, lying 
in the north-west part of the county. Population 574. 
TY'NY, adj. Small.— See Tiny. 
He that has a little tyny wit, 
Must make content with his fortunes fit. Shakspearc. 
TYONISTA, a river of the United States, in Pennsylvania, 
which runs into the Allegany. Lat. 4L29.N. long. 73. 30. W. 
TYPE, s. \typus, Lat.; tw ro?, Gr.] Emblem; mark of 
something. 
Clean renouncing 
The faith they have in tennis, and tall stockings, 
Short bolster'd breeches, and those types of travel, 
And understanding against the honest men. Shakspeare. 
T Y P 
That by which something future is prefigured, -r-The 
Apostle shews the Christian religion to be in truth and sub¬ 
stance what the Jewish was only in type and shadow. Til- 
lotson. —A stamp ; a mark. Not in use. 
Thy father bears the type of King of Naples, 
Yet not so wealthy as an English yeoman. Shalcspeare. 
A printing letter.—This is the style and language of the 
first printers, as every body knows, who has been at all con¬ 
versant with old books. Faust and Scheffer, the inventors, 
set the example in their first works from Mentz; by adver¬ 
tising the public at the end of each, that they were not drawn 
or written by a pen (as all books had been before), but 
made by a new art and invention of printing or stamping 
them by characters or types of metal set in forms. Middleton. 
To TYPE, v. a. To prefigure.—He ratified ceremonial 
and positive laws, in respect of their spiritual use and signifi¬ 
cation, and by fulfilling all things typed and prefigured by 
them. White. 
TYPHA [of Pliny. Tv ft] of Theophrastus and Dioscorides. 
From Ti(j>oi;, palus, a marsh], in Botany, a genus of the class 
mouoecia, order triandria, natural order of calamariae, typhre 
CJuss.j —Generic Character. Males numerous in an ament 
terminating the culm. Calyx: ament common cylindrical, 
very close, composed of three-leaved, setaceous, proper pe¬ 
rianths. Corolla none. Stamina: filaments three, capillary, 
length of the calyx. Anthers oblong, pendulous.—Females 
numerous in an ament surrounding the same culm, digested 
very compactly.—Calyx none. Corolla none. Pistil: germ 
placed on a bristle, ovate. Style awl-shaped. Stigma ca¬ 
pillary, permanent. Pericarp none. Fruits numerous, form¬ 
ing a cylinder. Seeds single, ovate, retaining the style, 
placed on a bristle. Down capillary, from the base to the 
middle fastened to the seed-bearing bristle, length of the pistil. 
—Essential Character. Male—Ament cylindrical. Calyx 
indistinct, three-leaved. Corolla none. Female—Ament 
cylindrical, below the males. Calyx: a villose hair. Corolla 
none. Seed one, placed on a capillary dowu. 
1. Typha latifolia, great cat’s tail, or reed mace.—Leaves 
somewhat sword-shaped, male and female spike approxi¬ 
mating. Root perennial, creeping, the thickness of the 
human thumb, jointed, spongy, furnished with small fibres 
of a whitish colour; the young shoots white, tender, termi¬ 
nating in a sharp hard point, like quichgrass. Stalk from 
three to six feet high, simple, upright, leafy, round and 
smooth, without knots, leafy at the base. Leaves alternate, 
upright, twisted, at bottom sword-shaped and fleshy, at top 
flat, and of a bluish colour, about an inch in breadth, and 
two or three feet in length, inclosing the stalk in a very long 
sheath. Sheaths two, deciduous, one at the bottom of the 
male spike, the other at the middle. The female ament is 
contiguous to the male ; the germ very minute, sitting on a 
short foot-stalk; the style thickened above, and the stigma 
black,—This plant is a native of the four continents, is com¬ 
mon in Britain, and has been found in Jamaica, and in New 
Zealand: in ponds, ditches, and by the sides of rivers and 
brooks. It flowers with us in July. 
2. Typha angustifolia, or narrow-leaved cat’s tail.—Leaves 
semicylindrical-flattish; equalling the culm; male and fe¬ 
male spike remote. The smaller cat’s-tail differs from the 
preceding in having much narrower leaves, not exceeding 
one-third the breadth of the other, sernicylindrical below, flat 
and strap-shaped towards the end, more slender spikes, though 
the plant grows as tall and as firm as the great cat’s tail, and 
the male and female spikes about an inch asunder.—Native 
of Europe, Barbary and Siberia. There is a variety of this; 
culm a foot and a half high, three times as slender as in typha 
angustifolia. Leaves flat, broadish, scarcely the length of 
half the culm. 
Propagation and Culture. —These plants increase so 
much by their creeping roots, that they soon choak up a 
small piece of water, and overpower most other aquatics: 
they are best therefore cultivated for curiosity in a moist 
border of the garden, where they will flourish and produce 
spikes even more abundantly than in the water. 
TYPHUS 
