T Y S 
T Y R 
lordships were some time after absorbed under two heads, 
the dukes of Meran and the counts of Tyrol. These families 
being united by marriage, the whole country was governed 
after 1288 by a single sovereign ; and the last of the race, 
Margaret Maultasche, presented the succession to the dukes 
of Austria, who were her nearest relations. In their hands 
Tyrol has since remained, receiving from time to time 
additions to its territory. From its geographical position 
and natural strength, Tyrol has seldom been exposed to the 
evils of war. In the contests of the French revolution, it 
was first invaded by Buonaparte, who shewed the practica¬ 
bility of traversing its rugged defiles. The treaty or Presburg 
(January 180(j) conveyed Tyrol to Bavaria. 
The Austrian government had left the Tyrolese in posses¬ 
sion of their privileges, and allowed them to levy taxes in 
their own manner. The Bavarian government, desirous to 
remove impressions of independence, suppressed the states or 
representative body, took into its management the public 
funds, and secularised a great deal of church property. They 
farther exposed the public buildings to sale, and abolishing 
the name of Tyrol, divided the country into the three circles 
of the Inn, the Eysacb, and the Adige. The discontent 
soon became general, and on the breaking out of the contest 
between France and Austria in 1809, the flame of insur¬ 
rection spread throughout the whole province : the French 
and Bavarians, taken by surprise, had no alternative but to 
allow themselves to be sent out of the country. Unfortu¬ 
nately, the fresh disasters of Austria left the Tyrolese without 
support: their territory was again invaded; and after a 
gallant resistance, was occupied by the French and Bava¬ 
rians. In their possession it remained until 1815, when the 
wishes of the inhabitants were at last gratified by the resto¬ 
ration of their country to Austria, and their reinstatement in 
all their ancient privileges. 
TYRONE, a county of Ireland, in the province of Ulster, 
bounded on the north-east by Londonderry, on the east by 
Lough Neagh, on the south-east by Armagh, on the south 
by Monaghan, on the south-west by Fermanagh, and on the 
west by Donegal. It contains 35 parishes, is about 43 Irish 
miles in its greatest length from north-west to north-east, 
and from 18 to 33 in breadth. Although a great portion 
of this county is rough and mountainous, still in many parts 
the soil is rich and fertile, and equally calculated for tillage 
or for pasture. The lakes within the limits of the county 
are inconsiderable, of which those about Baron’s Court 
appear the most interesting and extensive. The rivers 
which water this district are large and conveniently distri¬ 
buted. The Blaekwater winds its course along the verge 
of this county, forming its boundary with a part of Mon¬ 
aghan, and the entire of Armagh. The principal river runs 
nearly through the centre of the county, and is known by 
the appellations of the Gammon, the Mourne, and the Foyle. 
In its progress it receives the waters of the Carnown river, 
and another considerable mountain stream ; as also of the 
Mounterlouny and Drimna rivers on the north ; and on the 
south it is supplied by the Fentona, by the Owenreagh, by 
the Longfield, by the Derg, and Fin rivers; besides numer¬ 
ous streamlets, which dripple from the mountains. The 
other rivers are the Farran and the Cookestown, which run 
towards Lough Neagh. The linen manufacture is in a most 
flourishing condition through the whole extent of the district. 
—2. A township of the United States, in Cumberland 
eouhty, Pennsylvania. Population 2604.—3. A township 
of the United States, in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania. 
Population 753.—4. A township of the United States, in 
Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the north-west side of the 
Yanghiogeny. Population 989; 15 miles north of Union. 
TYRREL, a county of the United States, on the east s:de 
of North Carolina. Population 3364. Chief town Eliza¬ 
bethtown. 
TYRRIL’S PASS, a neat small village of Ireland, in the 
county of Westmeath. Here are the ruins of an ancient 
castle ; 40 miles west-north-west of Dublin. 
TYRTiEUS, a Greek poet, is supposed to have been a 
native of Miletus, and to have resided at Athens, as a poet, 
215 
musician, and school-master. Somewhat deformed in body, 
he possessed a manly and elevated soul. In a contest be¬ 
tween the Lacedaemonians and Messenians, the former, 
having experienced some ill success, are said to have con¬ 
sulted the oracle of Delphi, B. C. 623, and to have been 
directed to seek a general at Athens. The Athenians, as 
some say in derision, sent Tyrtaeus, who, by the recital of 
poems in praise of valour and patriotism, animated the 
Spartans, so that they became victorious, and reduced the 
Messenians to subjection. He is said to have also given them 
useful advice as a military leader, in consequence of which 
the Spartans conferred upon him the right of citizenship, 
and honoured him whilst he resided among them. His war- 
poems have been celebrated by the ancients: some frag¬ 
ments are exlant, which are published with the other minor 
Greek poets. Moreri. Anc. Un. Hist. Gen. Biog. 
TYRWHITT (Thomas), a profound scholar and acute 
critic, was born in 1730, sent to Eton school in 1741, and 
entered at Queen’s college, Oxford, in 1747. In 1755 he 
was elected fellow of Merton college, and in 1756 acted as 
under secretary of war. In 1762 he became clerk to the 
house of commons, which post he retained till the year 1763. 
At this time he retired to pursue those studies which were 
adapted to his genius and taste, and to the acquirements he 
had already made in the knowledge of ancient and modern 
languages, and of the old as well as modern writers of his 
own country. He commenced his publications with com¬ 
positions in poetry ; such were “ An Epistle to Florio,” and 
Latin versions of the '‘Messiah” and “Splendid Shilling,” 
with an English one of “ Pindar’s eighth Isthmian Ode.” 
In 1766 appeared his “ Observations and Conjectures on 
some passages of Shakspeare,” which enabled him to com¬ 
municate ingenious remarks to Mr. Steevens and Mr. Reed, 
for their editions of the works of this great dramatist. His 
“ Proceedings and Debates in the House of Commons in 
1620 and 1621, from an original MS. in Queen’s college, 
Oxford,” appeared in the same year; and in 1768 he pub¬ 
lished a corrected and enlarged edition of “ Elsynge’s Man¬ 
ner of holding Parliaments in England.” His first publica¬ 
tion in critical literature was “ Fragmenta duo Plutarchi,” 
1773, from one of the Harleyan MSS. This was followed 
by a vei'y valuable edition of Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales,”' 
in 4 vols. 8vo. 1773, which, besides corrections of the 
Original text, contains an introduction and admirable essay 
on the author’s language and versification. In 1776, he 
further displayed his Latin erudition and critical acumen, 
by a Latin dissertation on Babrius, one of the writers of the 
Esopean fables. In 1777 he gave a complete edition of the 
poems attributed to Rowley, with a preface and glossary. 
In a subsequent edition, which appeared in 1778, he ex¬ 
presses his full conviction, with the grounds of his opinion, 
that they were written solely by Chatterton, and he after¬ 
wards satisfied all unprejudiced judges with regard to this 
subject of literary controversy, (See Chatterton.) We 
shall merely enumerate his remaining works, which were, an 
edition of a Greek poem, necn A i6cov (on Stones,) ascribed 
to Orpheus, together with a supplement to his dissertation 
on Babrius, 1781 ; “ Conjectures in Strabonem,” 1783 ; and 
a newly discovered “ Oration of Isaeus against Monocles,” 
1785. Mr. Tyrwhilt was a member of the Roy d and 
Antiquarian Societies, and a curator of the British Museum. 
He died, much lamented, in 1786, in his 56lh year; having 
established a character that was truly estimable. He be¬ 
queathed to the British Museum all those of his books which 
were not before in that repository. Nichols's Lit. Anecd. 
Gen. Biog 
TYSMENICA, a small town of Austrian Galicia, on he 
borders of Russia. It has about 3000 inhabitants. 
TYSMIEN, a small town of Austrian Poland, in the 
circle of'Stanislawow. 
TYSOE, a parish of England, in Warwickshire; 5 miles 
south-by-east of Kineton. Population 944. 
TYSSENS (Peter), was born at Antwerp in 1625, and 
practised painting in portraiture and history with very great 
success. In the latter, however, lie acquired the most sub¬ 
stantial; 
