VERBENA. 355 
Sol immediately loosened, fall off in a few minutes, separa¬ 
ting one after another from their base, and the calyx closes 
round the germ, seeming as it were to push the blossom off. 
8. Verbascum ferrugineum, or rusty mullein.—Leaves 
subvillose, wrinkled; stem-leaves sub-sessile, equally crenate; 
root-leaves oblong, cordate, doubly crenate. Root peren¬ 
nial.—It is a native of the south of Europe. 
9. Verbascum nigrum, or dark mullein.—Leaves oblong- 
cordate, petioled. Waved, crenate, subpubescent. Root peren¬ 
nial. Flowers in bundles, (about seven in a set,) pedicell- 
ed. The beauty of its golden-coloured corolla is much en¬ 
riched by the tints of purplish brown at the mouth of the 
tube, the purple-haired filaments, and the saffron-coloured 
anthers.—Native of Europe in a calcareous or gravelly soil; 
flowering about Midsummer, and lasting till September. 
Common in England. 
10. Verbascum virgatum, or large flowered mullein.— 
Leaves-oblong, lanceolate, toothed, sessile; root-leaves sub- 
lyrate, pubescent; stem branched, flowers aggregate, sub- 
sessile. Root biennial.—First noticed near Worcester. 
11. Verbascum Phceniceum, or purple mullein.—Leaves 
ovate, naked, crenate, radical; stem almost naked, racemed. 
Root biennial.—Native of thesouth of Europe and of Germany. 
12. Verbascum blattaria, or moth mullein.—Leaves em¬ 
bracing, oblong,smooth, serrate; peduncles one-flowered, so¬ 
litary. Root annual, fusiform.—Native ofthesouth ofEurope, 
Germany, Switzerland and England, in clayey and gravelly 
soils. 
13. Verbascum Gallicum, or French mullein.—Leaves 
subvillose, cordate, petioled, toothed ; root-leaves pinnatifid 
at the base. Root biennial.—Native of DauphinS. 
14. Verbascum sinuatum, or scollop-leaved mullein.— 
Root-leaves pinnatiftd-repand, tomentose; stem-leaves em¬ 
bracing, almost naked; first branch-leaves opposite. Root 
biennial.—Native of the south of France, Italy and Barbary. 
15. Verbascum pinnatifidum.—Leaves linear-lanceolate, 
pinnatifid; segments obtuse, toothed; flowers sessile, glome¬ 
rate.—This was found in the islands of the Archipelago by 
Forskahl. 
16. Verbascum Barnadesii.—Stem almost naked ; leaves 
lanceolate, tooth-sinuate, smooth ; peduncles one-flowered. 
—Native of Spain, on hills towards Ortalcza; where it was 
found by Barnades. 
17. Verbascum Osbeckii.—Leaves gashed, naked; stem 
leafy; calyxes woolly; peduncles two-flowered.—Native of 
Spain. 
18. Verbascum spinosum.—Stem leafy, spiny, frutes- 
cent.—Native of Candia or Crete. 
19. Verbascum myconi, or borage-leaved mullein.— 
Leaves woolly, radical; scape naked.—It grows sponta¬ 
neously on the Pyrenees. 
Propagation and Culture. —Most of the sorts are bi¬ 
ennial, and may be increased by sowing their seeds in 
August, on a bed of light earlh, in an open situation, where 
the plants will sometimes come up the succeeding month, 
and will endure the winter’s cold very well, provided they 
have a dry soil. 
VERBATIM, adv. [Latin.] Word for word. 
Think not, although in writing I preferr’d 
The manner of thy vile outrageous crimes. 
That therefore I have forg’d, or am not able 
Verbatim to rehearse the method of my pen. Ska/cspeare. 
VERBENA [of Pliny, q. Herbena. Being the favourite 
herb used in the sacred rites of the heathen. In Greek it is 
IepoS otc6mj, the sacred herb, because bunches of it were sus¬ 
pended in lustrations], in Botany, agenus of the class diandria, 
order monogynia, natural order of personate, vitices (Juss.) 
—Generic Character. Calyx: perianh one-leafed, angular, 
tubular, linear, five-toothed, the fifth toothlet truncate, perma¬ 
nent. Corolla one-petaled,^unequal; tube cylipdrical, straight 
for the length of the calyx, then widening, and curved in; 
border spreading, half-five-cleft; segments founded, almost 
equal. Stamina: filaments two or four, bristle-shaped, 
very short, lying within the tube of the corolla; two of 
them shorter (when there are four.) Anthers curved in, as 
many as there are filaments. Pistil: germ four-cornered. 
Style simple, filiform, length of the tube. Stigma obtuse. 
Pericarp very slender, and scarcely manifest, or almost 
none. Calyx containing the seeds. Seeds two or four, 
oblong .—Essential Character. Corolla funnel-shaped, 
almost equal, curved. Calyx: one of the teeth truncate. 
Seeds two or four, naked or very thinly arilled. Stamina 
two or four. 
I.—Two-stamened, two-seeded. 
1. Verbena orubica, or betony-leaved vervain.—Spikes 
very long, leafy. This arises with a shrubby stalk near 
three feet high, divided into three or four branches.'—It is 
biennial, and a native of South America. 
2. Verbena Indica, or Indian vervain.—Spikes very long, 
fleshy, naked; leaves lanceolate-ovate, obliquely-toothed; 
stem even.—Native of Ceylon. 
3. Verbena Jamaicensis, or Jamaica vervain.—Spikes 
very long, fleshy; naked, leaves spatulate-ovate, serrate; 
stem rough-haired. Stem three or four feet high.—Native 
of Jamaica, Barbadoes, and other islands of the West Indies. 
4. Verbena mutabilis, or changeable vervain.—Spikes 
very long, fleshy, naked ; leaves ovate, produced at the base ; 
toothed, rugged, tomentose beneath ; stem shrubby.—This 
is an upright branchy shrub with a somewhat square trunk 
of about six feet high.—Native of South America. 
5. Verbena aristata, or awn-bracted vervain.—Leaves 
oblong, serrate; spikes elongated ; bractes ovate, acuminate, 
longer than the seed; stem shrubby. This is a shrub, with 
four-cornered branches, of a somewhat ash-coloured purple 
colour.—Found in South America. 
6. Verbena prismatica, or prism-calyxed vervain.—Spikes 
loose ; calyxes alternate, prismatic, truncate, awned; leaves 
ovate-obtuse.—Native of Jamaica. 
7. Verbena Mexicana, or Mexican vervain.—Spikes loose, 
calyxes of the fruit reflexed, rounded-twin, hispid. This 
has a shrubby stalk, which rises five or six feet high, and 
divides into several branches.—Native of Mexico. 
8. Verbena stoechadifolia.—Spikes ovate ; leaves lanceo¬ 
late, serrate-plaited ; stem shrubby. This rises with a shrubby 
branching stalk five or six feet high.—Native of Jamaica, 
and the continent of America. 
9. Verbena globiflora, or globe-flowered vervain.—Spikes 
in globular heads; leaves lanceolate, crenate, wrinkled, rug¬ 
ged ; stem shrubby. This is a fragrant shrub.—Native of 
South America. 
10. Verbena Javanica, or Java vervain.—Spikes cylindrical; 
leaves rhomb-ovate, crenate; stem erect.—Native of Java. 
11. Verbena nodiflora, or creeping vervain.—Spikes co¬ 
nical-headed ; leaves wedge-shaped, toothed; stem creping. 
Roots simple, filiform.—Native of the four continents. 
12. Verbena bonariensis, or cluster-flowered vervain.— 
Spikes in bundles; leaves lanceolate, embracing. Flowers 
blue, appearing late in summer, and not often succeeded 
by good seeds in England.—Native of Buenos Ayres. 
13. Verbena hastata, or halberd-leaved vervain.—Spikes 
long, acuminate, leaves hastate.—Native of Canada. 
14. Verbena triphylla, or three-leaved vervain.—Flowers 
panicled ; leaves in threes; stem shrubby. This a very 
sweet-smelling under-shrub.—Native of South America. 
15. Verbena lappulacea, or burry vervain. — Fruiting 
calyxes roundish, inflated ; seeds echinate.—-Native of the 
West Indies, in stony waste places. 
16. Verbena forskkaelii, or Arabian vervain.—Fruiting 
calyxes roundish, beak-acuminate, reflexed ; seeds rounded, 
wrinkled.—Native of Arabia Felix. 
17. Verbena Carolina, or Carolina vervain.—Spikes fili¬ 
form ; leaves undivided, lanceolate, serrate, bluntish, subses- 
sile. Root perennial.—Native of Carolina. 
18. Verbena urticifolia, or nettle-leaved vervain.—Spikes 
filiform, panicled; leaves undivided, ovate, serrate, acute, 
petioled.—Native of must parts of North America. 
19. Verbena scabra, or rugged-leaved vervain.—Spikes 
filiform ; fruiting calyxes patulous, ovate; leaves ovate, very 
rugged. 
