V I A 
and to the left of the Appian way, commenced the Via La¬ 
tina, or Ausonia, the direction of which was to the south¬ 
east. At seven miles and a half commenced, to the left of 
the Latin way, the Via Tusculana. To the east commenced 
the way, which, in the city, bore the name of Via Sacra. 
From this way, in the interior of the city, proceeded the 
Via Campana towards the south-east. The Via Labicana 
has an almost south-east direction. Towards the east is the 
Via Preenestina. To the left of this way, about the fifth mile 
from Rome, is the Via Collatina. Towards the north-east 
the first way is the Via Tiburlina, passing, as its name in¬ 
dicates, to the Tiber. The second is the Via Nomentana, 
proceeding towards the north-east to the tenth mile, and 
then turning directly northwards to Nomentum. The third 
is the Via Salaria, which is detached to the Colline gate 
from the left of the Nomentane way, and proceeding directly 
towards the north as far as the eighth mile, rejoins the same 
way at Eretum. It is called Salaria, from the salt which the 
Romans used to bring to Rome along this way from the sea. 
It was through the gate Salaria that the Gauls entered Rome, 
under the command of their leader Brennus, when that city 
was first taken by them. Towards the north-west the first 
way is the Via Lata, which formerly turning by the Capi- 
toline mount, passed by the ancient triumphal gate. This 
way afterwards assumed the name of Flaminia. The second 
is the Via Claudia, which advanced towards the north-west; 
and at the sixth mile proceeded the third way in this di¬ 
rection, or the Via Cassia, which proceeded to Veii. The 
fourth way is the Via Triumphalis, which at the ninth mile 
joined the Claudian way. The fifth bore the name of Via 
Cornelia, which proceeded by the north-west to the tenth 
mile; and the sixth was the Via Aurelia, which left Rome 
at the gate of Janiculum, and proceeded a little towards the 
south-west, but changing its direction towards the north¬ 
west, it gained the sea-coast, along which it pursued its 
course. 
VI'AGE. See Voyage. 
VI'AL, s. [e/xaXvj, Gr.] A small bottle. 
You Gods! look down, 
And from your sacred vials pour your grace 
Upon my daughter’s head. Shakspeare. 
To VI'AL, v. a. To enclose in a vial. 
This she with precious vial'd liquors heals; 
For which the shepherds at their festivals 
Carol her goodness loud in rustic lays. Milton. 
VIANA, a considerable town of Portugal, province of 
Entre Douro e Minho. It is situated on the north side of 
the river Lima, not far from its mouth, and contains 8000 
inhabitants, whose chief employments are navigation, fishing, 
and the sale of wine ; 42 miles north-by-west of Oporto. 
VIANA, a town of Spain, in Navarre. Population 3400; 
4 miles north-east of Logrono. 
VIANA, a town of Portugal, in the provine of Alentejo, 
with 1500 inhabitants; 15 miles south-south west of Evora. 
VI'AND, s. [viande, Fr.; vivanda, Ital.] Food; meat 
dressed. 
The belly only like a gulf remain’d, 
l’-th’ midst of the. body idle and unactive, 
Still cupboarding the viand. Shakspeare. 
VIANDEN, a town of the Netherlands, in the province of 
Luxemburg ; 21 miles north of Luxemburg. 
VIANE, a town of France, department of the Tarn. 
VIANEN, a town of South Holland, on the great branch 
of the Rhine called the Leek; 7 miles south-by-west of 
Utrecht. 
VIAREGGIO, a sea-port of Italy, in duchy Qf Lucca. 
Population 2000; 16 miles north-by-west of Leghorn. 
Vl'ARY, adj. [viarius, Lat,] Happening in ways or 
roads. Not in use. —In beasts, in birds, in dreams, and all 
viary omens, they are only conjectural interpretations of 
dim-eyed man; full of doubt, full of deceit. Feltham. 
VIASMA, a town in the interior of European Russia, in 
the province of Smolensko, at the junction of the rivers 
V I B 375 
Viasma and Bebri. It has between 6000 and 7000 inhabi* 
tants; 115 miles east-by-north of Smolensko. 
VIASNIKI, a town of European Russia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Vladimir. Population 1000; 84 miles east-north¬ 
east of Vladimir. 
VIAST, a town of Prussian Silesia, in the government of 
Oppeln; 8 miles east-by-north of Kosel. 
VIA'TICUM, s. [Latin.] Provision for a journey. 
And sith thy pilgrimage is almost past, 
Thou need’st the lesse viaticum for it. Davies. 
The last rites used to prepare the passing soul for its de¬ 
parture.—It is rather a spiritual medicine, a good viaticum, 
a standing sacrament, for the relief, the assurance, the safe 
conduct, of departing souls. Killingbeck. 
VIATKA, a large government or province in the east of 
European Russia, bounded on the north-east by the govern¬ 
ment of Perm, and on the south by that of Kasan. It ex¬ 
tends from 56° to 61° N. lat.; has an area of 47,000 square 
miles, nearly equal to that of all England; but its population 
does not exceed 1,100,000. 
VIATKA, the capital of the above government, seated at 
the confluence of the rivers Viatka and Chlinooka; 690 miles 
east-by-south of Petersburg, and 420 east-north-east of Moscow. 
VIATOR, an officer of justice among the Romans. The 
term, originally, had no other signification than that of a 
public messenger, or servant; but in process of time, the 
name viator became common to all officers of the magis¬ 
trates, lictors, accensi, scribes, statores, and criers. 
To Vl'BRATE, v. a. [vibro , Lat.] To brandish; to 
move to and fro with quick motion.—To make to quiver.— 
Breath vocalized, that is, vibrated or undulated, may dif¬ 
ferently affect the lips, and impress a swift tremulous motion, 
which breath passing smooth doth not. Holder. 
To Vl'BRATE, v. n. To play up and down, or to and 
fro.—The air, compressed by the fall and weight of the 
quicksilver, would repel it a little upwards, and make it 
vibrate a little up and down. Boyle. —To quiver. 
The whisper that to greatness still too near, 
Perhaps, yet vibrates on his sovereign’s ear. Pope. 
VIBRA'TION, s. [vibro, Lat.] The act of moving, or 
state of being moved with quick reciprocations, or returns; 
the act of quivering.—Do not the rays of light, in falling 
upon the bottom of the eye, excite vibrations in the tunica 
retina ? Which vibrations being propagated along the solid 
fibres of the optic nerves into the brain, cause the sense of 
seeing. Newton. 
VI’BRATIVE, adj. That vibrates.—Heat is only an ac¬ 
cident of light, occasioned by the rays putting a fine, subtile, 
ethereal medium, which pervades all bodies, into a vibrative 
motion, which gives us that sensation. Newton. 
VIBR'ATIUNCLE, s. Sensory vibrations, by being often 
repeated, beget in the medullary substance of the brain, a 
disposition to diminutive vibrations, which may be also 
called vibratiunc/es and miniatures corresponding to them¬ 
selves respectively. Chambers .—The pulse would continue 
to beat, the lungs to play, the animal secretions to be carried 
on, the vibratiunc/es to traverse to and fro. Search, Free¬ 
will, Sic. 
VPBRATORY, adj. Vibrating; causing to vibrate.— 
Suppose that to this oil or water were added a certain quantity 
of a specific salt, which had a power of putting the nervous 
papillae of the tongue into a gentle vibratory motion; as 
suppose sugar dissolved into it. The smoothness of the oil, 
and the vibratory power of the salt, cause the sense we call 
sweetness. Burke. 
VIBRAYE, a town of France, department of the Sarthe, 
with 2100 inhabitants; 25 miles east of Le Mans. 
VIBURNUM [from vierc, to bind; some of the shrubs 
having twigs fit for bands], in Botany, a genus of the class 
pentandria, order trigynia, natural order of dumosoe, capri- 
foliae (Juss.J —Generic Character. Calyx: perianth five- 
parted, superior, very small, permanent. Corolla one-pe- 
tailed, bell-shaped, five-cleft; segments blunt, reflexed. 
Stamina: filaments five awl-shaped, length of the corolla ; 
anthers 
