496 VOL 
and other vegetable productions. The mountain presents the 
appearance of a cone. Its ascent, though by no means easy, 
is sufficiently practicable. It is about three thousand feet in 
height: the crater is very large, its form oval, its circuit about 
a mile, its^ depth about 400 yards. It has no opening of 
consequence, but a smooth surface throughout, emitting not 
lava, but quantities of smoke and vapour. At night these 
look like a bright cloud, and give a reddish tinge to the 
atmosphere. The mountain has a remarkable cavern, con¬ 
taining a small mineral spring. It seems to have undergone 
considerable alteration in its form since the days of antiquity, 
having had then two summits, and, according to some writers, 
three distinct craters. It is totally uninhabited. Lat. 38. 30. 
N. long. 15. 13. E. 
VOLCANO, Little, one of the Lipari islands. Lat. 38. 
32. N. long. 15.12. E.; also an island in the Pacific ocean, 
about 24 miles north from Egmont island, one of those called 
Queen Charlotte’s islands. Lat. 10. 17. S. long. 165. 4. E.; 
also an island in Dampier’s straits, near the coast of New 
Britain, so named from its being the seat of a volcano. Lat. 
5. 32. 20. S. long. 143. 9. E. 
VOLCANO BAY, an extensive bay in the south-eastern 
extremity of the island of Java, so called by captain Brough¬ 
ton, from the volcanoes on the shore. This bay is very 
capacious; its entrance between two poiuts'33 miles asunder; 
and it has 50 fathoms water in the centre. 
VOLCHOV, a river of European Russia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Novgorod, which joins the lakes Ladoga and Ilmea. 
As the latter lake is of dangerous navigation, a canal has been 
dug between the Volchov at Novgorod, and the Msta. 
VOLCKACH, a town of Bavarian Franconia, on the 
Maine; 15 miles east-by-north of Wurtzburg. 
VOLCZYSK, a small town of European Russia, in the 
government of Podolia, district of Kaminiec. 
VOLE, s. [vole, Fr.] A deal at cards, that draws the 
whole tricks. 
Past six, and not a living soul! 
I might by this have won a vole. Swift. 
VOLENDAM, a village of the Netherlands, in the pro¬ 
vince of North Holland, with 800 inhabitants. 
VO'LERY, s. [volerie, Fr.] A flight of birds.—An old 
boy, at his first appearance, is sure to draw on him the eyes 
and chirping of the whole town vo/ery; amongst which, 
there will not be wanting some birds of prey, that will pre¬ 
sently be on the wing for him. Locke. 
VOLHYNIA, an extensive government of the Russian 
empire, lying to the east of the kingdom of Poland, between 
the governments of Grodno and Podolia. Its territorial 
extent is 29,300 square miles, and its population about 
1,200,000, little more than half the number of Scotland on a 
surface of equal extent. 
VOLITA'TION, s. [volito, Lat.] The act or power of 
flying.—Birds and flying animals are almost erect, advancing 
the head and breast in their progression, and only prone in 
the act of vo lit at ion. Brown. 
VOLITION, s. [volitio, Lat ] The act of willing; the 
power of choice exerted.—To say that we cannot tell whe¬ 
ther we have liberty, because we do not understand the man¬ 
ner of volition, is all one as to say, that we cannot tell 
whether we see or hear, because we do not understand the 
manner of sensation. Wilkins. 
VO'LITIVE, adj. Having the power to will.—They not 
only perfect the intellectual faculty, but the volitive; mak¬ 
ing the man not only more knowing, but more wise and 
better. Hate. 
VOLKAMERIA [so named by Linnseus in memory of 
John George Volkamer, physician at Nurimberg], in Botany, 
a genus of the class didynamia, order angiospermia, natural 
order of personatas vitices (Juss.) .—Generic Character. 
Calyx: perianth one-leafed, turbinate, five-cleft, nearly equal, 
acute. Corolla monopefalous, ringent; tube cylindric, twice 
as long as the calyx; border five-parted, nearly equal, flat; 
segments reflexed to one side, gaping chiefly on the upper 
side. Stamina: filaments four, filiform, very long, on the 
VOL 
gaping side of the corolla. Anthers simple. Pistil: germ 
four-cornered. Style filiform, length of the stamens. Stigma 
bifid; one of the segments acute, the other indistinct. Peri¬ 
carp: berry (drupe) roundish two-celled, four-grooved. 
Seed: nut solitary, two-celled, grooved. The fruit is called 
by some a berry; by others a drupe; and by others again 
a capsule.— Essential Character. Calyx five-cleft. Corolla 
segments directed the same way. Drupe two-seeded. Nuts 
two-celled. 
1. Volkameria aculeata, or prickly volkameria.—Leaves 
oblong, acute, quite entire; spines from the rudiments of the 
petioles. This is a shrub five or six feet high, branched, 
upright, the whole loaded with white flowers, which have no 
scent.—Native of the West Indies. 
2 . Volkameria ligustrina, or long-leaved smooth volka- 
meria.—Leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire; petioles, 
peduncles, and calyxes hirsute.—Native of the island of 
Mauritius. 
3. Volkameria inermis, or ovate-leaved smooth volka¬ 
meria.—Leaves ovate, quite entire, shining; petioles, pe¬ 
duncles, and calyxes smooth.—Native of the East Indies. 
4. Volkameria capitata, or headed volkameria.—Leaves 
ovate, quite entire, scabrous; flowers in terminating heads; 
calyx leafy.—Native of Guinea. 
5. Volkameria serrata, or serrate-leaved volkameria.— 
Leaves broad-lanceolate, serrate subsessile. Branches round¬ 
ish.—Native of the East Indies. 
6 . Volkameria scandens, or climbing volkameria.—Leaves 
petioled, cordate ovate, quite entire; panicle corymbed ter¬ 
minating; branchlets dichotomous. This is a scandent tree, 
with very long flexuose four-cornered branches, tomentose 
at the top.—Native of the vast forests of Ceylon. 
7. Volkameria Japonica, or Japonese volkameria.—Un¬ 
armed, leaves cordate, ovate acute, toothed; racemes directed 
one way. This a vast lofty tree, smooth and branched.— 
Native of Japan. 
8 . Volkameria Ksempferi, or Ksempfer’s volkameria.— 
Leaves cordate, pubescent, toothletted; panicle terminating 
divaricate on coloured peduncles.—Native of China and Japan. 
Propagation and Culture. —The plants are propagated 
in Europe by cuttings, which readily put out roots, when 
they are planted in pots, and plunged into a moderate hot 
bed, covering them close with hand glasses. The cuttings 
may be planted any time from the middle of May to the end 
of July, when they have put out roots; separate the plants 
carefully and put each into a separate small pot: plunge the 
pots into a gentle hot bed, till they get fresh roots: then inure 
them to the open air, if the weather be warm ; and continue 
them abroad in a sheltered situation until the nights begin to 
be cold; when they must be removed into the house. There 
they require some warmth; they should be placed therefore 
in a moderate stove. In too much heat they are subject to 
shoot and grow' weak ; but they will not survive the winter 
in a common greenhouse. 
VOLICELMARK, a small town of Austrian Illyria, in 
Carinthia, on the Drave; 16 miles east of Clagenfurt. 
VOLKMARSHEIM, a town of Prussian Westphalia; 18 
miles west-north-west of Cassel. 
VOLKNARSDORF, a town of Saxony, near Leipsic. 
VOLKOVISK, a towm of European Russia; 56 miles east 
of Grodno. 
VOLLENHOFEN, a town of the Netherlands, in the 
province of Overyssel, with a harbour on the Zuyder Zee; 
14 miles north-north-west of Zwolle. 
VO'LLEY, s. [volee, Fr.] A flight of shot.—From the 
wood a volley of shot slew tw ; o of his company. Ralegh. 
More on his guns relies, than on his sword; 
From whence a fatal volley we receiv’d. Waller. 
A burst; an emission of many at once.—A fine volley of 
words, gentlemen, and quickly shot off. Shahspeare. 
To VO'LLEY, v. n. To throw out. 
The holding every man shall beat as loud 
As his strong sides can volley. Shahspeare. 
To VO'LLEY, v. a. To discharge as with a volley. 
Another 
