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executing the laws against the non-conforming clergy dis- It unites with the burghs of New Galloway, Wigton, and 
pleased the queen, and caused her to suspend him from his Stranraer, in sending a member to the British parliament. 
functions; and on his death in 1583, Whitgift, who had 
secured her favour by his zeal for the church and hostility 
to the Puritans, was appointed to succeed him. He did not 
disappoint her expectations; but engaged her to issue a new 
ecclesiastical commission, more arbitrary, and possessing 
more extensive authority than any former one. Its jurisdic¬ 
tion extended over the whole kingdom, and comprehended 
all orders of men; and, as Hume describes it, “ every cir- 
cumstance of its authority, and all its methods of proceeding, 
were contrary to the clearest principles of law and natural 
equity.” “ In a word,” says he, “ this court was a real in¬ 
quisition, attended with all the iniquities, as well as cruelties, 
inseparable from that tribunal.” The measures of Whitgift 
were in unison with the constitution and spirit of this com¬ 
mission ; and the council itself interposed to moderate them. 
In reply to the remonstrance of the council in favour of some 
ministers of Ely, who had been suspended for refusing to 
answer interrogatories, he said, “ Rather than grant them li¬ 
berty to preach, he would choose to die, or live in prison all 
the days of his life." To the queen he recommended “ sup¬ 
pressing” the discipline proposed by the Puritans, “ rather 
than confuting it by writing;” and he advised that a restraint 
should be laid upon the liberty of the press at Cambridge. 
Accordingly, he was very acrimoniously attacked in a pam¬ 
phlet, entitled “ Martyn Marprelate,” in which he was com¬ 
pared to the most ambitious and tyrannical churchmen of 
former times. Whitgift, however, blended with the violence 
of his temper some degree of kindness and good humour. 
Upon the accession of king James, Whitgift felt some 
alarm, under the apprehension of some changes in the li¬ 
turgy ; and it has been supposed that his agitated state of 
piind concurred with the debility of age, and the operation 
of some other causes, in producing the paralytic attack which 
terminated his life in February, 1603-4. A monument was 
erected to his memory at Croydon, where he was interred. 
Whitgift was neither a man of learning, the Latin language 
bounding his classical literature, nor a profound theologian. 
He was principally distinguished by his vigour and activity 
as a man of business. As a preacher he was popular; and 
this talent, in which he excelled, laid the foundation of his 
advancement. 
WHITGREAVE, a township of England, in Stafford¬ 
shire ; 3 miles north-north-west of Stafford. 
WHITHAM, Friary, a parish of England, in Somerset¬ 
shire ; 5 miles from Frome. Population 533. 
WHETHER, adv. [hpybep, Saxon; hwader, M. Goth.] 
To what place ? Interrogatively. 
The common people swarm like summer flies; 
And whither fly the gnats, but to the sun ? Shakspcarc. 
To what place? Absolutely.—I stray’d I knew not whither. 
Milton. —To which place; relatively. 
Whither, when as they came, they fell at words, 
Whether of them should be the lord of lords. Spenser. 
To what degree ? Obsolete; perhaps never in use. 
Whither at length wilt thou abuse our patience ? 
Still shall thy fury mock us? B. Jonson. 
Whithersoever.—-Thou shalt let her go whither she will. 
Deut. 
WHITHERSOE'VER, adv. To whatsoever place.—For 
whatever end faith is designed, and whithersoever the na¬ 
ture and intention of the grace does drive us, thither we 
must go, and to that end we must direct all our actions. Bp. 
Taylor. 
WHITHORN, a parish of Scotland, in the county of 
Wigton, about 8 miles long and 4 broad, occupying the 
extremity of that peninsula of Wigtonshire formed by the 
bays of Wigton and Luce. 
WHITHORN, or Whithern, a royal burgh in the 
above parish, seated on the bay of Wigton, where a small 
stream of water falling into it forms a safe harbour. Whit¬ 
horn is governed by a provost, two bailies, and 15 councillors. 
Vol. XXIV. No. 1662. 
It is a place of great antiquity, having been a Roman station, 
the capital of the Norvantes, and the oldest bishopric in 
Scotland, being the seat of the bishop of Galloway. The 
cathedral, of which there are now scarce any remains, was 
founded in the 4th century, by St. Ninian, who dedicated it 
to St. Martin; 97| miles south of Glasgow, 11 south of 
Wigton, and 115| south-west of Edinburgh. 
WHI'TING, s. [witting//., Dutch; alburnus, Latin.] A 
small seafish.—Some fish are gutted, split, and kept in pickle, 
as whiting and mackerel. Carew .—A soft chalk.—That 
this impregnated liquor may be improved, they pour it upon 
whiting, which is a white chalk or clay finely powdered, 
cleansed, and made up into balls. Boyle. 
WHITING, a post township of the United States, in Ad¬ 
dison county, Vermont; 50 miles south-west of Montpelier. 
Population 565. 
WHITING BAY, a bay on the south coast of Ireland, in 
the county of Waterford, a little to the east of Youghall 
Bay. 
WHITTINGHAM, a post township of the United States, 
in Windham county, Vermont; 23 miles east-south-east of 
Bennington. Population 1248. 
WHITISH, adj. Somewhat white.—The same aqua¬ 
fortis, that will quickly change the redness of red lead into a 
darker colour, will, being put upon crude lead, produce a 
whitish substance, as with copper it did a bluish. Boyle. 
WHI'TISHNESS, s. The quality of being somewhat 
white.—Take good venereal vitriol of a deep blue, and com¬ 
pare with some of the entire crystals, purposely reserved, 
some of the subtile powder of the same salt, which will ex¬ 
hibit a very considerable degree of whitishness. Boyle. 
WHITKIRK, a township of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 4 miles east of Leeds. 
WHI'TLEATHER, s. Leather dressed with alum, re¬ 
markable for toughness. 
Whole bridle and saddle, whitlether and nal, 
With collars and harneis. 
Tusser. 
WHITLEY, a hamlet of England, in Berkshire; 2 miles 
south-by-east of Reading.—2. A township in Lancashire ; 4 
miles west-by-south of Colne.—3. A township in Northum¬ 
berland ; 2| miles north-west-by-west of Tynemouth.—4. 
A hamlet in the parish of Wootton Wawen, Warwickshire, 
—5. A hamlet in the-parish of Staple-Fitzpaine, Somerset¬ 
shire.—6. A township in the West Riding of Yorkshire; 
5k miles west of Snaith. 
WHITLEY, a township of the United States, in Green 
county, Pennsylvania. Population 1264. 
WHITLEY, Lower or Nether, a township of England, 
in Cheshire; 5 miles north-west of Northwich. 
WHITLEY, Lower, a township of England, West Ri¬ 
ding of Yorkshire; 5 miles south-west of Wakefield. Popu¬ 
lation 746. 
WHITLEY, Great, a parish of England, in the county 
of Worcester; 10 miles from Worcester. Population 414. 
WHITLEY, Upi>er or Over, a township of England, in 
Cheshire ; 6 miles north-north-west of Northwich. 
WHITLEY, Over, a township of England, West Riding 
of Yorkshire; 4 miles east of Huddersfield. 
WHIT'LOW, s. [hpit, Saxon, and loup, a wolf, Skinner; 
hpith, Saxon, and low, a flame. Lye.] A swelling be¬ 
tween the cuticle and cutis, called the mild whitlow, or be¬ 
tween the periosteum and the bone, called the malignant 
whitlow.—Paronychia is a small swelling about the nails and 
ends of the fingers, by the vulgar people generally called 
whitlow. Wiseman. 
WHITMORE, a parish of England, in Staffordshire, on 
the river Sow; 44 miles south-west of Newcastle-under- 
Lyne. 
WHITNASH, a parish of England, in Warwickshire; 3 
miles from Warwick. 
WHITNEL, a hamlet of England, in the parish of St. 
Cuthbert, Somersetshire. 
6 Z WHITNEY, 
