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690 
market town, in Kent, situated near the river Stour. It has 
a charity school 3 and in the neighbourhood are several ele¬ 
gant mansions. Fairs 1st May and 1st November 3 34 miles 
east of Maidstone, and 62 east-by-south of London. Popu¬ 
lation 859. 
WINGHAM’S ISLAND, an inconsiderable island on the 
west coast of North America, about a league long in a north 
and south direction, and about a mile broad, forming, with 
the north-west point of Pay’s island, a passage apparently 
navigable, about a league in width, with irregular soundings 
from 20 to 6 fathoms, until its eastern extent, when the depth 
suddenly decreases to 3 and 2~ fathoms. On its eastern side, 
there is a tolerably well sheltered roadstead, with good an¬ 
chorage. Lat. 60. 40. N. long. 215. 46. E. 
WINGRAVE, a parish of England, in Buckinghamshire; 
5 miles north-east of Aylesbury. Population 588. 
WINGREEN HILL, in Dorsetshire, England, 941 feet 
high. 
WINGSBURY HILL, a hamlet of England, in the parish 
of Marksbury, Somersetshire. 
WINGLESS, adj. Not having wings 3 not able to as¬ 
cend.— Wingless flies, which suck a living out of the corrupt 
blood of uncleanness. Junius. 
WI'NGSHELL, s. The shell that covers the wing of in¬ 
sects.—The long-shelled goat-chaffer is above an inch long, 
and the wings/iel/s of themselves an inch, and half an inch 
broad ; so deep as to come down below the belly on both 
sides. Grew. 
WINGTON, a hamlet of England, in the parish of Pet- 
worth, Gloucestershire.—2. A tything in Southamptonshire, 
2J miles north-west of Christchurch. Population 1083. 
WI'NGY, adj. Having wings; resembling wings. 
They spring together out, and swiftly bear 
The flying youth through clouds and yielding air 
With wingy speed outstrip the eastern wind, 
And leave the breezes of the morn behind. Addison. 
To WINK, v. n. [pincian, Saxon 5 wincken, Dutch.]— 
To shut the eyes. 
Let’s see thine eyes; wink now, now open them, 
In my opinion, yet, thou seest not well. Shakspeare. 
To hint, or direct by the motion of the eyelids.—You saw 
my master wink and laugh upon you. Shakspeare.— To 
close and exclude the light. 
While Hermes pip’d and sung, and told his tale, 
The keeper’s winking eyes began to fail. 
And drowsy slumber on the lids to creep. 
Till all the watchman was at length asleep. Dri/den. 
To connive 3 to seem not to see 3 to tolerate. 
I, for winking at your discords too, 
Have lost a brace of kinsmen. Shakspeare. 
To be dim. 
The sullen tyrant slept not all the night, 
But, lonely walking by a winking light, 
Sobb’d, wept, and groan’d, and beat his wither’d breast. 
Dry den. 
WINK, s. Act of closing the eye. 
You doing thus, 
To the perpetual wink for ay might put 
This ancient moral. Shakspeare. 
A hint given by motion of the eye.—Her wink each bold 
attempt forbids. Sidney. 
WINKBOURNE, a parish of England, in Nottingham¬ 
shire ; 3 miles north-by-east of Southwell. 
WINKEL, a town of Germany, in the duchy of Nassau, 
on the Rhine; 14 miles west ofMentz. Population 1500. 
WINKELMAN (Abbe John), a German antiquary, was 
born at Stendal, in the Mark of Brandenburg, in 1718. 
Although born in very humble life he fortunately enjoyed 
favourable opportunities of cultivating his talents in that de¬ 
partment in which he afteryvards attained to eminence. He 
had arrived at the age of 37 years before he was known to 
the public as an author. His first work was “ Reflections on 
the Imitations of the Greeks in Painting and Sculptureand 
WIN 
it was received in a manner that very much contributed to 
establish his reputation. At the court of Augustus, king of 
Poland, he was proselyted to the Catholic faith, more, as 
some have said, by arguments addressed to his worldly in¬ 
terest, than to his spiritual welfare. It is certain, however, 
that he much wished to visit Italy for the sake of examining 
those master-pieces of art that were to be found in that coun¬ 
try. With this view he left Dresden, and in passing through 
Florence in 1756, he made a descriptive catalogue of the an¬ 
tiquities in the collection of the celebrated baron de Stosch, 
which seemed to introduce him with advantage to Rome, 
whither he proceeded towards the close of this year. His ac¬ 
quaintance with the famous painters Mengs, Bianconi, and 
several other ingenious artists, forwarded his access to two 
of the most celebrated literary men at Rome, cardinal Pas- 
sionei and the prelate Giaconelli; from whose library and 
learning he derived much useful information, so that he was 
soon acknowledged as a man of fine taste, and a distinguished 
connoisseur in works of art. Assuming the ecclesiastical 
habit, he succeeded the abbe Venuti as keeper of the pope’s 
cabinet of antiquities; and he was also appointed copyist in 
the library of the Vatican. Under the patronage of the pope, 
who increased his income, out of his privy-purse, he com¬ 
pleted his History of Art among the Ancients, and then left 
Rome in 1768, to visit his friends in Germany,'and to revise 
his work to be translated into French by M. Toussaint, of 
Berlin. On his return to Rome by way of Trieste, he was 
assassinated, in June, 1768, by a wretch who had joined him 
on the road, and who had so far gained his confidence, that 
he had shewn him some gold medals and valuable presents 
which he had received at Vienna. The translation of his 
History of the Arts was completed only in part by Toussaint. 
Another French translation was published by Huber, profes¬ 
sor at Leipsic. It is said that the last French translation is 
far preferable to the first, as it was made from an enlarged 
edition of the original, printed at Vienna in 1776, after a 
MS. left by the author. Among the other works of Winkel- 
man were, “ Letters on the Discoveries made at Herculane¬ 
um,” translated into English by Mr. Gough; “ Unpublished 
Monuments of Antiquity, such as Statues, ancient Paintings, 
engraved Stones, Bas-Reliefs, in Marble and Terra Cotta,’’ 
of which there is a French translation from the Italian, Paris, 
1808, 3 vols. 4to. with plates; “ On Allegory, or Treatises 
on that Subject,” 2 vols. 8 vo.; and “ Remarks on the 
Architecture of the Ancients,” 8 vo. Winkelman’s “ Letters 
to his Friends” were published in German, in 2 vols. 8 vo., 
with an account of his life, prefixed by Heyne.— Nouv. 
Diet. Hist. Gen. Biog. 
WINKER, s. One who winks.—A set of nodders, wink¬ 
ers, and whisperers, whose business is to strangle all others 
offspring of wit in their birth. Pope. 
WINKFIELD, a parish of England in Berkshire; 5J 
miles south-west of New Windsor. Population 1439. 
WI'NKINGLY, adv. With the eye almost closed. If 
one beholdeth the light, he vieweth it win kingly, as those do 
that are purblind 5 but if any thing that is black, he looketh 
upon it with a broad and full eye. Peacham. 
WINKLES. To put on the side of a horse. 
WINKOOP’S BAY, or Wine Cooper’s Bay, a targe 
bay on the south coast of Java. Lat. 7. 5. S. long. 106. 
38. E. 
WINKOOP’S ISLAND, a small island near the south 
coast of Java. Lat. 7. 28. S. long. 106. 36. E. 
WINKOOP’S POINT, a cape on the south coast of Java. 
Lat. 7. 25. S. long. 106. 36. E. 
WINKSLEY, a township of England, West Riding of 
Yorkshire; 4,1 miles west of Rippon. 
WINLATON, a township of England, county of Durham; 
5 miles west of Gateshead. Population 3063. 
WINMARLEIGH, a township of England, in Lanca¬ 
shire ; 3 miles north-west of Garstang. 
WINN ALL, a parish of England, in Southamptonshire, 
near Winchester. 
WINNEBAH, a town on the Gold coast of Africa, situ¬ 
ated in the Agoona country. The surrounding territory is 
fertile 
