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and of several public offices. The manufactures, though on 
a small scale, comprise several articles, viz. linen, leather, 
soap, and silk. There is a number of gardens in the neigh¬ 
bourhood ; and the road to Brunswick is pleasant, being 
planted on both sides with trees. Population 6700. 
WOLFERLOW, a parish of England, in Herefordshire; 
5 miles north-by-east of Bromyard. 
WOLFERSDORF, a village of Prussian Silesia, in the 
county of Glatz, with 1500 inhabitants; 15 miles south of 
Glatz. 
WOLFERSDORF, a village of Bohemia ; 42 miles north 
of Prague. Population 1300. 
WOLFERSDYK, a small island of the Netherlands, in 
the province of Zealand, situated between North and South 
Beveland, with 700 inhabitants. 
WOLFERSHEIM, a town of Germany ; 12 miles south- 
south-east of Wetzlar. Population 800. 
WOLFHAGEN, a walled town of Germany, in Hesse- 
Cassel, on the Erpe, with 2100 inhabitants; 15 miles west 
of Cassel. 
WOLFHAMCOTE, a parish of England, in Warwick¬ 
shire. Population 417. 
WO'LFISH, adj. Resembling a wolf in qualities or 
form. 
Thy desires 
Are •wolfish , bloody, starv’d, and ravenous. Shakspeare. 
WOLFPASSING, a town of Germany, in Lower Aus¬ 
tria, to the north of the Danube, with 1100 inhabitants. 
WOLF’S NEWTON, a parish of England, in Mon¬ 
mouthshire; 5 |r miles from Usk. 
WO'LFSBANE, s. [ aconiturn , Lat.] A poisonous 
plant; aconite. Miller.—Wolfsbane is an early flower. 
Mortimer. 
WOLFSBERG, a town of Austrian Illyria, in Carinfhia, 
on the river Lavant; 29 miles east-north-east of Clagenfurt. 
Population 1200. 
WOLFSHAGEN, a village of Germany, in the duchy 
of Brunswick, to the west of Goslar. Population 1000. 
WOLFSHALDEN, a village and parish of the Swiss 
canton of Appenzel; 9 miles east-by-north of St. Gall. 
WO'LFSMILK, s. [tithymallus, Lat.] An herb. Ains¬ 
worth. 
WOLFSTEIN, a town of Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt; 
15 miles south-south-west of Mentz. Population 1100. 
WOLGA, a river of Russia, which has the longest course, 
and, with the exception of the Danube, the largest volume 
of water, of any river in Europe. It rises among the Val¬ 
dai mountains, in Lat. 57. N., and takes a direction in gene¬ 
ral to the eastward, but with many windings, until reaching 
the city of Kazan. The rivers that have hitherto flowed in¬ 
to it are, if we except the Oka, of second rate magnitude; but 
below Kazan it receives the Kama, which brings to it, like 
the Inn to the Danube, the tribute of a great extent of 
country. It now flows southward, with a great volume of 
water, and forms the boundary between Europe and Asia 
during several hundred miles, till reaching Tzarystyn, when, 
turning to the east, it approaches the Caspian, and after 
separating into a greater number of branches than the Nile 
or the Danube, discharges itself into that sea near Astracan. 
Its course is computed at the extraordinary length of 2700 
miles; and the vast tract of country through which it flows 
being in general level, it is navigable, after passing Tver, in 
the early part of its course. In May and June its waters 
receive a great increase from the melting of the snow and ice; 
and the boatmen take advantage of the increased depth, to 
descend its current, and avoid those shallows and islands 
which at another season obstruct their course. From the 
vicinity of Tver northward, a communication is opened to 
the Msta, a river flowing northward to the Nieva; so that 
Russia in Europe admits of being traversed by water in all 
its extent. The principal rivers which join the Wolga, are 
the Tvertza, the Mologa, the Sestra, the Soscha, the Oka, the 
Sura, the Kasanka, the Kama, the Sok, and the Samara. 
WOLGAST, a seaport of Prussia, in Pomerania, on the 
Vol. XXIV. No. 1667. 
river Peene, about four miles from the Baltic. It contains 
nearly 4000 inhabitants; and its chief branch of trade is the 
export of corn. The harbour is formed by the Peene; but 
admits only vessels of 120 tons burden. Here are seen the 
ruins of the ancient castle of the dukes of Pomerania; 30 
miles east-south-east of Stralsund. 
WOLHOPE, a parish of England, in Herefordshire; 8 
miles south-east of Hereford. Population 485. 
WOLIN, or Wolynie, a town of Bohemia; 68 miles 
south-south-west of Prague. Population 1300. 
WOLITZ, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of Beraun. 
Population 900. 
WOLKENSTEIN, a town of Germany, in Saxony; 12 
miles-south-by-east of Chemnitz, on the river Zschopa. Po¬ 
pulation 900. 
WOLKERSDORF, a town of Germany, in Austria, in 
the circle below the Mannhartzberg. Population, with the 
parish, 1700. 
WOLKWITZ, a town of Germany, in Saxony; 6 miles 
south-east of Leipsic, with 700 inhabitants. 
WOLLAMAI, Cape, the east point of Philip island, on 
the south coast of New Hollaud. Lat. 38. 38. S. long. 145. 
25. E. 
WOLLAND, a parish of England, in Dorsetshire; 9 milts 
north-by-west of Blandford Forum. 
WOLLASTON (William), an ethical writer, was born 
in 1659, at Cotton Clanford, in Staffordshire, and finished 
his education as a pensioner of Sidney college, Cambridge. 
In 1681 he commenced M.A., and entered into deacon’s 
orders. His first settlement was as an assistant in the free 
school at Birmingham, to which a small lectureship was 
annexed; and about four years afterwards he was advanced 
from this laborious situation to the office of second master in 
the same school. In 1688 a relation died, whose decease 
put him in possession of a considerable landed estate, upon 
which he removed to London, and marrying a lady of con¬ 
siderable fortune, he resided in Charterhouse-square. Dis¬ 
missing all thoughts of church preferment, he devoted him¬ 
self to the retirement of private life and to a course of study, 
comprehending the learned languages, together with He¬ 
brew and Arabic. The first publication which issued from 
the press, was a poem on Ecclesiastes, which he would after¬ 
wards have suppressed, from a conviction that his talents 
■were not adapted to poetry. In the progress of his life and 
literary pursuits, he was so much amused by composition, 
that he wrote many treatises on various subjects, both in 
Latin and English, which he committed to the flames. Of 
the well-known work which has perpetuated his name, and 
which is entitled “ The Religion of Nature delineated,” he 
printed a few copies to be distributed among his friends in 
1722, but his declining health prevented his completing his 
original design. However, in 1723, he was prevailed upon 
to revise what he had printed for publication, and it accord¬ 
ingly appeared in 1724, in which year he died, at the age 
of 65, leaving a large family, and having lost his wife, to 
whom he was affectionately attached, about four years be¬ 
fore. In his private character he is said to have exemplified 
the virtues which his work inculcated. The system which 
he developed, and which founded morality upon “ truth,” 
excited much attention, and his book, though not written 
in a popular manner, passed through seven editions to the 
year 1750. The last of these editions includes an appendix, 
consisting of a translation of the Latin notes by Dr. J. Clarke, 
dean of Salisbury, undertaken at the particular request of 
queen Caroline, who was a great admirer of the work. Dr. 
Warburton, in his strictures on Wollaston’s theory in his 
Divine Legation, honours the author by ranking him as 
“ one of our most celebrated writers,” and compliments him 
with having “ demonstrated with greater clearness than any 
before him the natural essential difference of things;” and 
though modern systems have, in a considerable degree, anti¬ 
quated that of Mr. Wollaston, the author must always be 
regarded as a man of extensive learning and strong reason¬ 
ing powers.— Biog. Brit. 
WOLLASTON, a parish of England, in Northampton- 
7 Q shire; 
