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X A U 
X E R 
XARAMA, or Jarama, a river in the interior of Spain, 
in the provinces of Guadalaxara and Toledo, which falls into 
the Tagus, to the west of Aranjuez. 
XARAYES, a large and extensive plain of South Ameri¬ 
ca, about 300 miles long from north to south, and the depo¬ 
sitory, during the rainy season, of the superfluous waters of 
the Paraguay, by which it is watered, which are spread over 
the flat country to a great extent, 30 miles in length, and 15 in 
breadth, and form a large lake, known under this title. At 
certain times of the year, however, the waters subside, and 
discover the greater part of the plain ; and the river betakes 
itself to its own bed, although many lakes are still left, of 
the size of from six to seven leagues in circumference. The 
land, upon the subsiding of the waters, is found covered with 
reeds and other plants, resembling arrows. In the general 
inundation, the navigation is made by canoes and barks; 
and then the Portuguese of Cuyaba traverse it, passing di¬ 
rectly along the river of this name to the Paraguay, which 
they cannot do when the waters sink, but have to go round 
about 200 leagues, in order to pass down the river of Los 
Porrudos to the Paraguay. In the middle of the lake are 
some islands, covered with some lofty trees, of various kinds, 
amongstwhich are found the cassia and the trees distilling gum 
arabic. When the waters are at their height they overtop these 
trees by 12 yards. The number of crocodiles here are immense. 
XAVIER, San, a river of Mexico, in North America. It 
takes its rise on the western side of the mountains, which 
form the point of separation between the streams that flow 
into the gulf of Mexico, and those which flow into the Pa¬ 
cific ocean. It falls into the river De los Dolores, a little be¬ 
fore its confluence with the San Rafael, where their united 
streams form the great Rio de Colorado of California. 
XAVIER, St., an Indian settlement in the province and 
government of Buenos Ayres, on the west bank of the Para¬ 
na; 76 miles north-east of Santa Fe. Lat. 30. 32. 15. S. 
long. 60. 7. 15. W. 
XAVIER, St., another settlement of Indians, in the pro¬ 
vince and government of Buenos Ayres, situate on a small 
river on the north bank of the Uruguay, a little to the north¬ 
east of Martires, in Lat. 27.-51. 8. S. long. 55. 14. 4. W. 
XAVIER, St., a river of Canada, which runs into the 
Pickoouagamis. Lat. 48. 53, N. long. 73. 50. W. 
XAVIER, St., an island of Canada, at the conflux of the 
St. Xavier and Pickoouagamis. 
XAVIER, St., a town of South America, in the province 
of Moxes: 180 miles north of Santa Cruz de la Sierra la 
Nueva. 
XAVIER, St., a town of South America, in the audience 
of Quito; 30 miles south-east of St. Josef de Huales. 
XAVIER, St., a town of Mexico, in the province of New 
Biscay; 70 miles west of Parral. 
XAVIER, St., a town of South America, in the province 
of Chiquitos; 110 miles north-east of Santa Cruz de la Si¬ 
erra Nueva. 
XAVIER, St., a town of New Navarre; 45 miles south- 
south-west of Casa Grande. 
XAVIER, St., de Macaguana, a town of South Ame¬ 
rica, in the kingdom of Granada ; 100 miles east of Tunia. 
XAVIER GOGO, a small seaport of Whidah, in Western 
Africa; 12 miles north-north-east of Sabi. 
XAVIER ZANTE, a small village of Whidah, in Africa; 
14 miles north-west of Sabi. 
XAUXA, or Jauxa, a province of Peru, bounded north 
and north-east by the province of Tarma, east by the moun¬ 
tain of the Indians, south-east by the province of Huanta, 
south by that of Angaraes, south-west by that of Yauyos, and 
west by that of Guarochiri. It is 12 leagues long from north 
to south, and 15 broad from east to west. This province is 
a ravine or valley of delightful temperature, although on the 
heights of either side of it a considerable degree of cold is 
felt: These heights contain various estates of cattle, the wool 
of which is manufactured into cloth. Papas, and other fruits 
peculiar to mountainous countries, are produced here; also 
great quantities of wheat and barley, with which the inhabi¬ 
tants fatten their herds of swine. Vegetables of all sorts are 
likewise raised. This province is watered by many streams. 
In the reign of the incas of Peru, Xauxa was one of the most 
populous districts, traces of which are still visible, in the 
numerous remains of towns and large castles. It has some 
silver mines, but few of these are worked. Population 
52,286. . 
XAUXA, the capital of a district of the same name, situat¬ 
ed near the river Xauxa. It has some woollen manufactures. 
XAUXA, a large and abundant river of Peru, which has 
its source in lake Chinchaicocha, in the province of Tarma. 
It traverses the province of Xauxa, passes that of Huanta, di¬ 
viding it from Angaraes; and, after collecting the waters of 
many other rivers in its course, enters the Apurimac. It has 
a beautiful stone bridge across it, called the bridge of Iscu- 
chaca, about 66 miles south of Tarma, which facilitates the 
pass into the province of Angaraes. 
XAUXILLA, a small mud fort of Mexico, in the intendan¬ 
cy of Valladolid, situated on an island just large enough to 
contain it, in the lake of Zacapo, a short distance from the 
village of that name. It is surrounded by a swamp or pond, 
containing five or six feet of water, and can only be reached 
by canoes. It was visited by Mina, during his unsuccessful 
inroad into the country. 
XAXALES, a small village of Mexico, situated on the 
Rio del Norte. 
XAXO, a settlement of the Caraccas, in the province of 
Maracaibo, between the citiesmf Merida and Truxillo. 
XE'BEC, s. [a sea term.] A small three-masted vessel 
navigated in the Mediterranean. Chambers. 
XEKIAS, a name given by the Chinese and Japanese 
to an Eastern philosopher of mythological origin and cha¬ 
racter, called also Buddas among the Indians, Somonaco- 
dom in Siam, and after his death Foe or Fotoki, who fasci¬ 
nated the whole northern and eastern region of Asia, as well 
as part of the southern, with his pantheistic doctrine. It is 
probable, as some have said, that he lived about 600 years 
before Christ; and having first appeared in the southern 
part of India, on the borders of the Indian ocean, dissemi¬ 
nated his philosophy by means of his disciples to all India. 
It is said that he spent twelve years in solitude, when he was 
instructed by the Tolopoin, called by the ancients “ hylobii,” 
i. e. sylvan hermits; and that in his 30th year he devoted 
himself to contemplation, and attained to the intuitive 
knowledge of the first principles of all things, from which 
he took the name of Foe, which signifies, “ something 
more than human.” His mystical philosophy was delivered 
to his innumerable disciples under the veil of allegory. The 
Japanese add, that in his contemplations, during which his 
body remained unmoved, and his senses unaffected by any 
external object, he received divine revelations, which he 
communicated to his disciples. 
Buddas, or Xekias, in his esoteric doctrine, taught the 
difference between good and evil; the immortality of the 
souls of men and brutes; different degrees of rewards and 
punishments in a future world; and the final advancement 
of the wicked, after various migrations, to the habitations 
of the blessed. Amidas, who, according to the Chinese, is 
Xekias himself, presides in these habitations, and is the me¬ 
diator, through whose intercession bad men obtain a mitiga¬ 
tion of their punishment. These dogmas are contained in 
an ancient book, called Kio, which all the Indians beyond 
the Ganges, who follow the doctrine of Xekias, receive as 
sacred, and which is illustrated by innumerable commen¬ 
taries. 
The doctrine of Foe, or Xekias, was embraced by innu¬ 
merable disciples. Among these, one of his most eminent 
successors was Tamo, a Chinese, who was so entirely de¬ 
voted to contemplative enthusiasm, that he spent nine whole 
years in profound meditation, and was on this account 
deified. 
According to the Bramins, Xekias had neither father nor 
mother; and as no Indian city claims the honour of his 
birth, he was probably a foreigner, who migrated to the 
southern 
