764 X I M X I M 
ter of Cyrus; and on the death of his father, succeeded to 
the crown of Persia, in the year 485 B. C. See Persia. 
XETAFE, a small town in the interior of Spain ; 9 miles 
south of Madrid. 
XEXUY, a river of Paraguay, which enters the Paraguay 
above the city of Assumption. 
XEXUY-GUAZU, a river of the same province, which 
has a course nearly the same as the former river. 
XEXUY-MINI, a small river of the same province, which 
runs south-south-west, and enters the Xexuy. 
XIBACA, a town of Niphon, in Japan; 130 miles south¬ 
west of Meaco. 
XICALTEPEC, an Indian settlement of Mexico. 
XICAPOTLA, a settlement of Mexico, containing 157 In¬ 
dian families. 
XICOCO, or Sikokf, an island, the smallest of the three 
which compose the empire of Japan. It is about 100 miles 
in length, and 60 in breadth. It is separated only by narrow 
straits from the island of Niphon on the one side, and Ximo 
on the other. This island is inaccessible, and almost entirely 
unknown, to Europeans. 
XICOTLUN, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy of 
La Puebla, containing 260 Indian and Spanish families; 45 
leagues south-east of Mexico. 
XILOCA, a river of Spain, in Arragon, which joins the 
Xalon at Calatayud. 
XILO-KASTRO, a small town of European Turkey, in the 
Morea, built on the site of the ancient JEgira. It was de¬ 
stroyed in 1770, and still remains in a dilapidated state; 20 
miles west-north-west of Corinth. 
XILOTEPEC, a town of Mexico, and capital of a district 
of the same name, containing 3700 Indian families; 60 miles 
north of Mexico. 
XILOTEPEC, another settlement in Vera Cruz, containing 
162 families of Indians. 
XILOTEPEC, a settlement of Mexico, containing 120 
families of Indians. 
XILOTLAN, a settlement of Mexico, containing 80 Indian 
families. 
XIMABARA, a town of Ximo, in Japan, situated on a gulf 
to which it gives name; 33 miles east of Mangasaki. 
XIMAGUINO, a town of Xicoco, in Japan; 10 miles 
south of Awa. 
XIMBURA, a settlement of Quito, in the province of Loxa. 
XIMENA, a small town of Spain, in the province of 
Seville; 66 miles south-south-east of Seville. 
XIMENES (Francis, Cardinal), was born in 1437, in Old 
Castile, and educated at Alcala and Salamanca. Renouncing 
preferments which he obtained in his youth, he assumed the 
habit of St. Francis, in a monastery of the Observantines, 
one of the most rigid orders of monks in the Romish church. 
Distinguished by his austerities and devotional practices, he 
became confessor to queen Isabella; and still retaining his 
customary modes of living, he so far engaged her respect and 
attachment, that he was nominated by her to the archbishop¬ 
ric of Toledo, the richest benefice in Europe next to the pa¬ 
pal see; but his real or affected reluctance to accept this 
high preferment could be overcome only by the authority of 
the pope. In this elevated station he maintained his strict 
adherence to the rigours of the order to which he belonged, 
and so far from relaxing in his severities, he indulged them 
to the extreme of self-mortification and penance. Having 
thus acquired a complete mastery over his own passions, and 
possessing political talents in a very high degree, he was 
thought peculiarly fitted to exercise dominion over others; 
and accordingly Ferdinand and Isabella entrusted him with 
a principal share in the administration. When a strong party 
was formed among the Castilians to deprive Ferdinand of 
the authority as regent, devolved upon him by the will of the 
queen, he was deserted by every person of distinction except 
Ximenes and two nobles; and after he had resigned it to the 
archduke Philip, he again acquired it upon Philip’s death 
in 1506, by the influence of Ximenes. In 1507 Ximenes was 
created a cardinal by pope Julius It.; and in the following 
year he undertook the conquest of Oran, and of other places 
on the coast of Barbary, with an armament, the expense of 
which he offered to defray out of his own revenues, and 
he succeeded in this enterprise. Such was Ferdinand’s con¬ 
fidence in the abilities and integrity of the cardinal, that 
when he was dying in 1516, he appointed him regent of 
Castile until the arrival of his grandson Charles. Although 
he was then in his 79th year, he took an active part in 
securing the throne to Charles, though in his own judgment 
he disapproved the king’s conduct, who in his assumption of 
power contended the declared opinion of the Cortes. With 
no less firmness and inflexibility, he prosecuted a plan for 
extending the royal authority, which the nobility had very 
much circumscribed. The measures which he adopted for 
this purpose excited violent opposition, but he persisted, 
and ultimately succeeded. During his administration he 
was also engaged in two foreign wars ; one for the preserva¬ 
tion of the kingdom of Navarre, in which he was successful, 
and another against Horuc Barbarossa, who advanced him¬ 
self from the condition of a corsair to the sovereignty of 
Algiers and Tunis, in which the Spaniards were totally de¬ 
feated. When Charles was prevailed upon by Ximenes to 
visit Spain, the cardinal took a journey towards the coast to 
meet his majesty; but being disabled to proceed by the 
attack of a disorder, supposed to be the effect of poison, he 
requested an interview with the king; but Charles having 
conceived prejudices against him, returned a cold answer, 
with permission for his retirement to his diocese, that he 
might finish his days in tranquillity. In a few hours after the 
receipt of this letter, he expired, November, 1517, at the age 
of 80 years. 
Ximenes was held in high estimation by his superstitious 
countrymen, under a delusive idea that he possessed the gift 
of prophecy, and a power of working .miracles. But his 
more unequivocal claims to their respect were founded on 
his extraordinary talents and learning, his liberal patronage 
of literature, and the munificence of his public charities, to 
which he devoted the immense revenues of his archbishopric. 
At Alcala he built the magnificent college of St. Ildefonso, 
endowed with forty-six professorships, and conducted under 
excellent regulations. Here he printed the Complutensian 
Polyglott, the Mozarabic liturgy, and the theological works 
of Tostatus. Here he also established a splendid monas¬ 
tery for the education of indigent females of quality, which 
served as a model for that of St. Cyr, under Lewis IV. 
The granaries which he constructed remained without decay 
for centuries; and upon the whole he was justified in declar¬ 
ing on his death-bed, that to the best of his knowledge 
he had not misapplied a crown of his revenue. Robert¬ 
son's Charles V. 
XIMENEZ, a settlement of South America, in the province 
of Tucuman. 
X1MENIA [So named by Plunder, in honour of the Re¬ 
verend Father Francis Ximenes, a Spaniard, author of an 
account of the Animals and Plants of New Spain, 1615], 
in Botany, a genus of the class octandria, order monogynia, 
natural order of aurantia (Juss.) —Generic Character. Ca¬ 
lyx : perianth one-leafed, four-cleft, acuminate, very small, 
permanent. Corolla: petals four, oblong, hairy within, be¬ 
low erected into a tube, above rolled back. Stamina: fila¬ 
ments eight, erect, short. Anthers linear, erect, obtuse, length 
of the corolla. Pistil: germ oblong. Style filiform, length 
of the stamens. Stigma obtuse. Pericarp : drupe subovate. 
Seed: nut roundish.— Essential Character . Calyx four- 
left. Petals four, hairy, rolled back. Drupe: one-seeded. 
1. Ximenia Americana.-—Leaves oblong, peduncles many- 
flowered. This rises with a woody stem twenty feet high, 
sending out several branches on every side, armed with 
thorns. Flowers terminating.—Native of the West Indies; 
about Carthagena, St. Domingo, Hispaniola, &c, 
2. Ximenia elliptica.—Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, peduncles 
many flowered. This has no thorns. Native of New Cale¬ 
donia. 
3. Ximenia inermis,-—Leaves ovate, peauncles one-flow¬ 
ered. This is a very bushy tree, divided much towards the 
top, not above eight or nine feet in height. Trunk about 
four 
