768 YAH 
YADDLETHORPE, a township of England, in Lin¬ 
colnshire. 
YADI, a small river of Asiatic Russia, which falls into the 
Obskaia gulf. Lat. 67. 25. N. long. 72.38. E. 
YADKIN, a river of the United States, in North Carolina, 
which rises between the Allegany and Brushy mountains, 
passes through the counties of Wilkes, Surrey, Rowan, Mont¬ 
gomery, and Anson, and flows into South Carolina. In 
Montgomery county it passes over narrows occasioned by 
mountains on each side, which contract it from 200'yards 
wide to about 30. A few miles below the narrows it receives 
Rocky river, and then takes the name of Great Pedee. The 
whole descent of the river, from Abbot’s creek to Mountain 
creek, just below the narrows, a distance of 24 miles, is 321 
feet. This river was surveyed in 1818, with a view to ascer¬ 
tain the best mode of opening a water communication from 
the western part of the state; and it was determined that it 
could be effected only by clearing the river of rocks, and 
canalling along the narrows and great falls. The naviga¬ 
tion must always be bad. Above Abbot’s creek, the naviga¬ 
tion is said to be tolerably good. 
YAFFORTH, or Yafford, a township of England, North 
Riding of Yorkshire. 
YAGO, St. See Santiago. 
YAGO, St., or St. Jago, a town of North America, in 
California; 120 miles west of Loretto. 
YAGUACHE, a district of Quito, in the province of Gua¬ 
yaquil. It produces cacao, with cotton and wood, and great 
herds of cattle. 
YAGUACHE, or St. Jacinto de Yaguache, a settle¬ 
ment of Peru, and principal place of a lieutenancy, in 
the province of Guayaquil; 25 miles north-east of Guayaquil: 
YAGUAJES, a settlement of Quito, in the province of 
Quixos and Macas. 
YAGUARA, a river of New Granada, in the province of 
Popayan, which, running from west to east, in a serpentine 
course, entersffhe Magdalena. 
YAGUARAIBA, a small river of Brazil, in the province 
of San Vincente, which runs north-north-west, and enters the 
Parana. 
YAGUARATU, a river of Brazil, in the province of San 
Vincente, which enters the Parana. 
YAGUARI, a river of Paraguay, which runs south-south¬ 
west, and enters the Picazuru. 
YAGUARICARA, a small river of Brazil, in the province 
of Para, which enters the Topayos. 
YAGUARIPE, a river of Brazil, which runs into the At¬ 
lantic. Lat. 13. 12. S. 
YAGUAROCPIA, a large and very deep lake of South 
America, in Quito, a league and a half in length, 1 league 
from the town of Ibarra. It is famous for having been the 
sepulchre of the inhabitants of Otabalo. Upon this place 
being taken by Huana Capac, the 12th inca, he, instead of 
shewing any clemency to them on account of their magna¬ 
nimity, being exasperated at the noble resistance which they 
made against his army, ordered them all to be beheaded, 
both those who had quietly surrendered, as well as those 
taken in arms, and their bodies to be thrown into the lake: 
so that, from the waters of the lake being tinged of a bloody 
colour, it acquired its present name, which signifies “ a lake 
of blood.” Lat. 0.23. N.—There is a seltlement of the same 
name on its banks. 
YAGUARON, a settlement of Indians, in the province of 
Paraguay ; 25 miles south-east from Assumption. Lat. 25. 
33. S. long. 57. 18. W. 
YAGUEPIRI, a river of Brazil, which runs into the Negro; 
50 miles above Fort Rio Negro. 
YAGUERA, a settlement of New Granada, in the pro¬ 
vince of Neiva. 
YAGUI, a small river of Paraguay, which runs east, and 
enters the Parana. 
YAHEBIRI, a river of South America, which runs into 
the Parana. Lat. 24. 20. S. 
YAHUALICA, a settlement of Mexico, containing 80 
YAK 
Indian families, and 60 of Spaniards, mestizoes, and mu* 
lattoes. 
YAHUGO, a settlement of Mexico, in the district of Vil- 
lalla, containing 147 Indian families. 
YAHUIBE, a settlement of Mexico, in the district of Vil- 
lalta, and 105 leagues from Mexico. 
YAITCHNEI, a small island of Asiatic Russia, in the gulf 
of Penginskaia. Lat. 60. 30. N. long. 160. 50. E. 
YAKOUTSK, an extensive province of Asiatic Russia, 
forming one of the four into which the government of Irk- 
outsk is divided. It extends north from the boundary of the 
provinces of Irkoutsk proper and of Nertschinsk, as far as 
the Frozen ocean. It does not, however, reach to the eastern 
extremity of Asia, on which side it is bounded by the pro¬ 
vince of Okhotsk. The Lena traverses it through its whole 
extent from north to south. Through nearly the whole of 
this vast province, the severity of the climate renders it im¬ 
possible to raise grain to advantage; and if a crop of rye is 
sown, its ripening is extremely uncertain. In the neighbour¬ 
hood of the town of Yakoutsk, the ground in June is frozen 
three feet deep. The only employment of the inhabitants, 
therefore, consists in hunting; and these districts at one time 
were so abundant in valuable furs, as to be called the Peru 
of Siberia. The sables, however, being now nearly extir¬ 
pated, the produce of the chase has declined in value, but is 
still considerable. 
The inhabitants of this dreary region bear the name of 
Yakoutes. They are supposed to have been originally a 
Tartar race, and to have occupied the countries on the Angara 
and Upper Lena; but, forced to yield to the violence of the 
Mongols and Burats, they have taken shelter in the frozen 
solitudes of the Lower Lena, from the Wittim downwards. 
The territory occupied by them may be reckoned to extend 
18 degrees from north to south, and nearly 50 from east to 
west. The population does not bear any proportion to this 
extent. The number of males paying tribute amounts to 
34,979; this, it is supposed, may be about the third of the 
entire number of both sexes. The Yakoutes, as they are 
seldom able to procure bread, care little for it as an article 
of diet. Onions, garlic, and other roots, with various sorts 
of berries, both fresh and preserved, form their chief luxuries. 
The Yakoutes who inhabit the southern districts, are tolerably 
rich; they possess the usual size, activity, and vigour; but 
those farther to the north form a stunted race, indolent and 
wretched. They are one of the most superstitious races in 
existence, and are considered by a late traveller as living 
under a complete demonocracy, being perpetually haunted 
by the dread of evil spirits. They reckon not less than 
thirteen tribes of aerial beings, to whom they pay homage. 
The Shamans, or magical impostors, enjoy unbounded in¬ 
fluence, and obtain the first places at their banquets. The 
Tartar liquor of koumiss, or fermented mare’s milk, forms 
the chief luxury of their feasts; though brandy, when it can 
be procured, is also eagerly swallowed. The Yakoutes, for 
a long time after their first subjection to the Russians, con¬ 
tinued to view that nation with great hostility; but of late, 
since justice has been equally and diligently administered, 
they submit very quietly to the yoke. 
YAKOUTSK, a town of Asiatic Russia, capital of the 
province of the same name. It is situated on the western 
bank of the Lena, on a plain surrounded by mountains, 
which inclose it at the distance of 10 or 12 miles. It con¬ 
tains 500 or 600 houses, and 3000 inhabitants, who, for the 
most part, are Cossacs or Yakoutes. Notwithstanding its 
desolate situation, it is a place of some trade. It forms the 
emporium of all the furs which are collected in the exten¬ 
sive regions to the north; and it imports all the Russian and 
Asiatic commodities which are given in exchange. It forms 
also a species of entrepot for the Russian trade with Kamt- 
chatka and the western coast of America. The cold is ex¬ 
cessive; and during winter the inhabitants are almost en¬ 
tirely confined to their houses, the day-light not continuing 
above a few hours. This season is consumed almost entirely 
in sleeping and drinking. Ice, by a singular process, is used 
here 
