Y E O 
779 
Y E O 
YEN-TCHANG, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chan-si. 
YEN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in 
Tchekiang. It is situated on a river, so near the sea, that the 
tide comes up to its walls; and the beauty of its buildings is 
such as has obtained for it the title of Little Hangtchoofou. 
In its vicinity are mines of copper, and also trees, that yield 
the varnish of which is formed the lacquered work, so much 
esteemed in Europe. The paper manufactured there is also 
much esteemed. 
YEN-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in Shan¬ 
tung. Its territory is one of the finest in China, being in¬ 
closed between the Hoangho and another great river, and 
watered by numerous streams that fall into them. Among 
its dependent cities there are several that are little inferior to 
itself. The territory is also celebrated as containing the birth¬ 
place of Confucius. Lat. 35. 44. N. long. 116. 36. E. 
YEN-TCHIN, a town of China, of the third rank, in Shan- 
tung. 
YEN-TCHING, a town of China, of the third rank, in Ki- 
angnan.—2. A town of China, of the third rank, in Honan. 
—3. A town of China, in Shantung, where a species of glass is 
manufactured, so peculiarly delicate, that it will not endure 
the inclemency of the air. 
YEN-TCHUEN, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Chan-si. 
YEN-TING, a town, of China, of the third rank, in Se- 
chuen. 
YEO'MAN, s. [From the Sax. guma, Theotisc. gomman, 
a man. Serenius .]—A man of a s.nalhestate in land; a far¬ 
mer ; a gentleman farmer.—Gentlemen should use their chil¬ 
dren as the honest farmers and substantial yeomen do theirs. 
Locke. —It seems to have been anciently a kind of ceremo¬ 
nious title given to soldiers: whence we have still yeomen 
of the guard. 
Tall yeomen seemed they, and of great might, 
And were enranged ready still for fight. Spenser. 
You, good yeomen. 
Whose limbs were made in England, shew us here 
The mettle of your pasture. Shakspeare. 
It was also a freeholder not advanced to the rank of a gen¬ 
tleman. 
His grandfather was Lyonel duke of Clarence, 
Third son to the third Edward, king of England : 
Spring crestless yeomen from so deep a root ? Shakspeare. 
It seems to have had likewise the notion of a gentleman 
servant. 
A jolly yeoman, marshal of the hall, 
Whose name was appetite, he did bestow 
Both guests and meats. Spenser. 
It is the first or highest degree among the plebeians of 
England ; next in order to the gentry. 
The yeomen are properly the freeholders, who have land 
of their own ; so called from the Saxon gemane, or genian, 
common. 
According to sir Thomas Smith, a yeoman is a free-born 
Englishman, who can lay out of his own free land in yearly 
revenue to the sum of forty shillings sterling. 
The yeomanry of England are capable of holding lands 
of their own to a good value; are adjudged capable of cer¬ 
tain offices, as constables, churchwardens, jurymen; and 
are also to vote in elections to parliament, and to serve in the 
army, and to do any other act where the law requires one 
that is probus et legalis homo. 
The yeomen were famous, in ancient times, for military 
valour, being particularly expert at the management of the 
bow; whence the infantry was composed chiefly of them. 
They frequently constituted the body-guard of our kings; 
and in process of Time gave rise to the institution of yeomen 
of the guard. 
By a statute, 2 Hen. IV., it is enacted, that no yeoman 
shall take or wear a livery of any lord, upon pain of impri¬ 
sonment, and a fine at the king’s pleasure. 
Yeoman is also a title of office in the king’s household, of 
a middle place or rank between a gentleman and a groom. 
Such are the yeoman of the buttery ; yeomen of the scul¬ 
lery ; yeomen of the wine-cellar, ewry, wood-yard, &c. 
There are also the yeoman of the mouth, yeoman of the kit¬ 
chen, yeomen-porters, &c. 
Yeomen of the Guard, properly called yeomen of the 
guard of the king’s body, were anciently a body of men of 
the best rank under gentry, and of larger stature than ordi¬ 
nary ; every one being required to be six feet high. 
Their number has varied in almost every reign, and for¬ 
merly consisted of a certain number in ordinary, and an in¬ 
definite number extraordinary; and in case of a vacancy in 
the former, it was supplied out of the latter number. In the 
reign of king Edward VI. this corps was very numerous. In 
the reign of queen Elizabeth, the yeomen attending her in 
her different progresses were occasionally mounted. In the 
reign of queen Anne, the arms of half this band were arque¬ 
buses, which are said by Chamberlain to have been disused 
ever since the reign of king William ; the other half had par¬ 
tisans, and those of both classes had swords. They had 
their wages and diet allowed them ; so that in a MS. of the 
expenses of the royal establishment for the year 1727, the 
charges of the table of the yeomen of the guard were 273/. 
15s. But their diet has been discontinued since that reignj 
Tiieir duty was to wait upon the queen in her standing- 
houses ; forty by day, and twenty by night. At St. James’s, 
they waited in the first room above stairs, called the guard- 
chamber. It is also their duty to attend the sovereign abroad 
by land or water. 
At present there are but one hundred yeomen in constant 
duty, at 39/. 11s. 3 d. per annum each; eight of whom are 
called ushers, who have 10/. per annum each more than the 
other yeomen ; six are called yeomen hangers, and two yeo¬ 
men bed-goers, who have the same pay as the ushers ; and 
seventy more not on duty ; and as one of the hundred dies, 
his place is supplied out of the seventy. 
The officers are, a captain, who has 1000/. per annum ; a 
lieutenant, at 500/. per annum ; an ensign, at 300/.; and 
four exons, at 150/. per annum each; and a clerk of the 
checque at the same salary. 
YEO'MANLY, ad). Of or belonging to a yeoman.—It 
would make him melancholy to see his yeomanty father cut 
his neighbours’throats, to make his son a gentleman! B. 
Jonson. —His [Selden’s] father was a yeomanly man. Au¬ 
brey. 
YEO'MANRY, s. The collective body of yeomen.— 
This did amortize a great part of the lands of the kingdom 
unto the hold and occupation of the yeomanry, or middle 
people, of a condition between gentlemen and cottagers. 
Bacon. 
YEOMANRY CAVALRY, a denomination given to those 
troops of horse which were levied in the late war among the 
gentlemen and yeomen of the country, upon the same principle 
with the volunteer companies. The yeomanry cavalry were 
to be allowed pay when called out on actual service, and 
each corps was liable to be put upon duty within its district: 
all contingent expenses, properly and unavoidably incurred, 
were to be reimbursed after an investigation at the war office. 
One serjeant and a trumpeter per troop were to have constant 
pay, with the same allowances as serjeants and trumpeters of 
regular cavalry. Some accoutrements were to be furnished 
by the ordnance, or an equivalent in money to be given in 
lieu of them, and ] 4s. 2d. per man for holsters. 
YEOU, a town of China, of the third rank, in Houquang. 
YEOU-NHING, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Kiangnan. 
YEOVERLEY, a township of England, in Derbyshire; 4 
miles from Ashborne. 
YEOVERIN, a small village of England, in Northumber¬ 
land, near Wooler. 
YEOVIL, a market town of England, in the county of 
Somerset. It consists of upwards of 20 streets and lanes: 
some of the former are wide and open. The buildings have 
been much increased, both in the suburbs and within the 
town 
