784 
Y O R 
Y 0 R 
country partake of. The country produces gold, honey, 
wax, amber, and a vast quantity of tine silk; 270 miles south¬ 
west of Pekin. Lat. 25. 6. N. long. 99. E. 
YONG-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the first rank, in 
Hoo-quang, forming the most southerly city in the province. 
It is situated on a fine river, amid verdant and well cultivated 
mountains, particularly abounding in bamboos; 882 miles 
south-south-west of Pekin. Lat. 26. 10. N. long. 111. 15. E. 
YONG-TCHOUEN, a town of China, of the third rank, 
in Se-chuen. 
YONG-TING, a town of China, of the third rank, in Fo- 
kien. 
YONG-TONG, a town of Corea; 40 miles east of Ilet-sin. 
YONG-TSE, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Honan. 
YONG-TSONG, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Koei-tcheoo. 
YONG-YANG, a town of China, of the third rank, in 
Honan. 
YONKERS, a post township of the United States, in West 
Chester county, New York, on the east bank of the Hudson ; 
20 miles north of New York. Population 1365. 
YONNE, a considerable river in the interior of France, 
which rises in the department of the Nievre, near Chateau 
Chincn, and after flowing more than 100 miles, falls near 
Montereaufault Yonne, into the Seine. 
YONNE, a department in the interior of France, in the 
western part of Burgundy and Champagne, situated nearly 
half way between Paris and the frontier of Switzerland. Its 
extent, equal to two of our larger counties, is about 2900 
square miles ; its population nearly 330,000. Its surface 
consists, in general, of undulating plains, traversed in the 
south-west by a chain of hills of no great height: the prin¬ 
cipal river is the Yonne. The climate is temperate, and of 
sufficient warmth for the vine ; the quantity of wine made 
annually, exceeding 100,000 hogsheads. Its quality is in 
general good, particularly those sorts which, from their vici¬ 
nity to the towns, bear the name of Auxerre, Tonnerre, Ava¬ 
lon, Chablis, &c. Corn is cultivated in most parts: also 
hemp and flax. Fruit is abundant, and several districts con¬ 
tain forests. The pastures are inferior to those of Normandy 
and other maritime districts, from the want of rain in the sum¬ 
mer months. The manufactures are sufficiently varied, but of 
small amount in any one article, whether linen, hardware, 
woollen, or cotton. The department is divided into five 
arrondissements, viz. Auxerre (the capital), Sens, Tonnerre, 
Joigny, and Avalon. 
YON-N1M-K1EN KOTUN, a town of Chinese Tarlary, 
on the eastern coast of the Yellow sea; 263 miles east of 
Pekin. 
YOOL, or Yowl Islands, a cluster of small islands in 
the Pacific ocean, so called by Captain Forest, in the year 
1774. In 1788 they were by Mr. Metre called Tattee 
Islands. They lie off the north coast of Wagiou, about the 
131st degree of east longitude, and are surrounded by coral 
reefs. 
YOPAS, Las, a river of Mexico, which rises in Tlascala, 
and runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 17. 10. N. 
YOPEZ, a river ot Mexico which rises in the mountains 
near La Puebla, and falls into the Pacific ocean, just below 
the boundary of the province of Valladolid. 
YOKE, or of Yore, adv. [geogapa, Saxon.] Long 
ago. 
The dev’l was piqu’d such saintship to behold, 
And long’d to tempt him, like good Job of old ; 
But Satan now is wiser than of yore. 
And tempts by making rich, not making poor. Pope. 
YORK, the capital of Yorkshire, inhabited successively 
by Hadrian Severus, and other Roman emperors, is plea¬ 
santly situated on the rivers Foss and Ouse, and, in point of 
rank, classes as the second city in the kingdom ; but it is far 
surpassed in wealth and populousness by many of the more 
modern trading towns. That it was long, indeed, the favou¬ 
rite seat of Roman authorities, is attested by many interesting 
antiquities found in its immediate neighbourhood. It is en¬ 
tered by four principal gates or bars, viz., that of Meiklegate 
on the south-west, upon the great London road; Bootham 
bar on the north-west, upon the road to Newcastle and Edin¬ 
burgh ; Monk bar on the north-east, communicating with 
Malton and Scarborough; and Walmgatebar on the south¬ 
east, giving admission to the traveller from Beverley and 
Hull. There were likewise, till lately, five posterns; those 
of North-street, Layerthorpe, Fishergate, Castlegate, and 
Skeldergate; but the last was taken down in 1808. 
Of the six bridges of York, one alone crosses the river 
Ouse. This, which was begun in 1810, and finished in the 
succeeding ten years, consists of three elliptical arches, with 
a plain battlement, breast high, on each side: the span of 
the centre arch is 75 feet, and the rise 22| feet; the span of 
each lateral arch 65, and their rise 20 feet. It is 40 feet in 
breadth, allowing 54 feet on each side for foot passengers, 
and 29 for carriages in the centre. The old bridge, which 
is supposed to have been erected in the time of archbishop 
Walter Grey (about A. D. 1235), consisted of five pointed 
arches; of which the centre one, ranking next to the Rialto 
in grandeur, was in span 81, and in rise 26| feet; in order 
to give egress to the floods rushing down from the Northern 
Moorlands. From its precarious state, however, and its 
inconvenient steepness and narrowness, it was deemed expe¬ 
dient to take it down ; and with if, St. William’s chapel, a 
beautiful specimen of the early Norman style, which stood at 
its western foot, necessarily fell a sacrifice. The other five 
bridges are thrown over the Foss, viz.. Monk bridge, Layer¬ 
thorpe bridge, Foss bridge consisting of one elliptical arch 
3.5 feet in breadth, Castlegate bridge, and the bridge upon 
the New Walk. 
But the cathedral is justly esteemed the glory, not only of 
York, but of Great Britain. Some of its principal dimen¬ 
sions are as follow :—The whole length from east to west is 
524 b feet; breadth of the eastern end, 105 ; breadth of the 
western end, 109; length of the cross aisles, from north to 
south, 222; height of the grand lantern tower, 213; height 
of the two western towers, 196; height of the nave, or 
body of the church, 99 ; height of the eastern window, 75 ; 
breadth of the eastern window, 32. Of this magnificent 
structure, the western front is particularly superb. The east¬ 
ern end, being of somewhat later date, displays a more florid 
style of architecture, crowned with elegant niches, and airy 
pinnacles. Over its incomparable window is seen the statue 
of the venerable founder of the choir, archbishop Thoresby 
(who laid its first stone, July 19th, 1361), niched and robed 
in his archiepiscopal chair, bearing in his left hand the repre¬ 
sentation of a church, and with his right appearing to point 
at the window. Below are the heads of Christ and his apos¬ 
tles, with that of a king, supposed to be Edward III. In 
the niches of the buttresses stand the statues of Robert de 
Navasor and Robert de Percy, eminent benefactors of the 
church of York. The great tower, or lantern steeple, sup¬ 
ported within by four massive columns, is finished in a style 
very different from that of the western towers. The cathe¬ 
dral, indeed, which was gradually completed during a lapse 
of a century and a half (1227—1377), notwithstanding the 
care employed in combining its different parts, consists of 
five different tastes of what is usually termed Gothic, but 
ought more properly to be denominated early English archi¬ 
tecture; the high pomted arch struck from two centres, if 
not originally invented, having certainly been brought to its 
highest perfection in this country. By a number of these 
arches, or slender pillars, crowned with plain or slightly 
ornamented capitals, and also by the absence of prominent 
buttresses, the south transept, its most ancient part, is distin¬ 
guished. The windows are comparatively small; and their 
ornaments, with the pillars and arches, display a marked 
difference from those which occur in the other parts of the 
fabric. The southern side of the choir presents an appear¬ 
ance peculiarly striking. The massive columns, decorated 
with a variety of figures, and terminating in rich pinnacles, 
the large windows of beautiful tracery, the small transept of 
the choir, with its noble light, and the screen work before 
the 
