800 
Z A G 
the Riesengebirge mountains, and joins the Bober below 
Hirschberg. Near its source is a mountain called the Zacken- 
fall, about 2200 feet in perpendicular height. 
ZACONIA.oi Zakounia, a mountainous and arid district 
of Greece, occupying the south-east part of the Morea, and 
including portions of the ancient Laconia and Arcadia. 
See Maina. 
ZACUTO, or Zacutus Lusitanus, a physician, was 
born at Lisbon in 1575, and educated at Salamanca and 
Coimbra. In his 20th year he took the degree of doctor, 
and settling in his native city, practised with reputation for 
thirty years. As he was a descendant of Jewish parents, his 
dread of the Inquisition, after the edict of Philip IV. against 
the Jews was issued in 1625, induced him to retire to Holland, 
where he openly professed the religion of his family, and 
maintained a character highly respectable, both in his profes¬ 
sion as a physician, and in his moral conduct. He died at 
Amsterdam in the year 1642 ; and left behind him a collec¬ 
tion of works, amounting to 2 vols. fob The principal of his 
works are, “ De Medicorum Principum Historia,” lib 6. in 
which he approves himself a strenuous advocate of Galen and 
the Greek physicians; “Praxis Historiarum Morborum,” 
lib. v.; and “Praxis Medica admiranda,” lib. iii. In all his 
works he blends acuteness of observation with a certain degree 
of superstitious credulity; but they are nevertheless con¬ 
sulted and quoted. Haller. 
ZADAN, a town on the west coast of the island of Celebes. 
Lat. 2. 55. S. long. 119. 9. E. 
ZADAON, or Cadaon, a river of the south of Portu¬ 
gal, which rises in the mountains of Algarva, and falls into 
the ocean at St. Ubes. 
ZADORA, a river of Spain, in the province of Alava, 
which dows past Vittoria. Its banks were the scene of the 
celebrated battle of 21st June, 1813. 
ZAFANIN, a village of Fez, near the coast of the Medi¬ 
terranean ; 35 miles south east of Melilla. 
ZA'FFAR, or Za'ffir, s. Powder the calx of cobalt fine, 
and mix it with three times its weight of powdered flints, this 
being wetted with common water, concretes into a mass called 
zajfrc, which from its hardness has been mistaken for a native 
mineral. Hill .—Cobalt being sublimed, the flowers are of a 
blue colour; these, German mineralists call zaffir. Wood¬ 
ward —The artificers in glass tinge their glass blue with that 
dark mineral zaphra. Boyle. 
ZAFRA, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, situated on an 
eminence. It has only one church, but contains seven 
monasteries, and 6000 inhabitants, who are employed partly 
in tanning and making gloves, partly in rope-making and 
the manufacture of earthenware; 20 miles east of Xeres de 
los Cavaleros. 
ZAFRA, a small town of Asiatic Turkey, in the govern¬ 
ment of Marasch ; 15 miles west of Tarsus.—There is another 
of the same name, in the government of Trebisond; 50 miles 
north-west of Trebisond. 
ZAGAROLA, a small town of Italy, in the Ecclesiastical 
States, Campagna di Roma, with the title of a duchy. 
ZAGGOS, a mountain of Algiers, in Africa, in which are 
some salt mines. 
ZAGHAVA, a kingdom of Central Africa, described by 
the Arabian writers as situated on the eastern part of the 
course of the Niger; but its position is very difficult to deter¬ 
mine, and no country of that name is mentioned by modern 
travellers. It probably occupied a part of the modern Bor- 
nou. 
ZAGORA, a town in the east of European Turkey, in an 
inland situation, but adjoining a lake which communicates 
with the Black sea. It is called by the Greeks Debeltus or 
Dueltus, is situated in the province of Romania, and has 
nothing in particular to distinguish it from the general back¬ 
wardness of a country thinly peopled, ill cultivated, and 
rarely visited by European travellers; 12 miles south-west 
of Burgas. 
ZAGORA, a large village, or rather town, of European 
Turkey, in Greece, province of Magnesia, situated on the 
Z A I 
declivity of Mount Pelion, about a league from the sea. Its 
houses are in general surrounded with chesnut trees, but the 
adjacent territory is by no means fertile, and the place is re¬ 
markable for little except a Greek school, provided with a 
library and annual income. 
ZAGOREA, a district in the west of Turkey in Europe, 
in Albania, near the source of the. river Vohutza. It is in¬ 
habited, not by Turks, but by Greeks, who are considered 
descendants of the ancient Pelagonians, the site of whose 
capital, the present town ofZagorium, the chief place of the 
territory, is supposed to occupy. The country is extremely 
mountainous and woody. The inhabitants, a hardy and 
spirited race, are subject to the pacha of Joannina. 
ZAGOROWO, a town of Poland, in the palatinate of 
Kalisch ; 30 miles north-by-west of Kalisch. Population 800. 
ZAGRAB, or Agram, a county in what is termed the 
civil part of Austrian Croatia, comprising the west part of 
the province, adjacent to Illyria. Its area is 2080 square 
miles; its population nearly 180,000. It contains mountains 
covered with vast forests, is watered by the Save, and pro¬ 
duces corn, tobacco, and vines; also potash, timber for ex¬ 
port, and iron. The chief town is Agram or Zagrab, the 
capital, not of this county only, but of Croatia. Part of this 
county was ceded to Bonaparte in 1809, and was incorpo¬ 
rated in the new kingdom of Illyria in 1816. See Croatia. 
ZAGRAB, or Agram, a city of the Austrian states, the 
capital of Croatia, and the chief town of the county of Agram. 
It consists of three parts, the Royal Free town, the Bishop’s 
town, and the suburb of Harmitz. The first stands on a 
very steep eminence, is surrounded with a wall, and is the 
residence of the ban (the chief civil magistrate) of Croatia; 
also of the military governor; and is the meeting-place of 
the diets of the county. It contains likewise a number of 
neat private houses. The bishop’s town stands in a deep 
valley, on the other side of a stream called the Blutbach. 
It contains the cathedral, the episcopal residence, the chapter- 
house, and two inferior churches. Adjoining to it is the sub¬ 
urb; and both these parts belong to the bishop, who exer¬ 
cises a certain jurisdiction over the inhabitants. Agram has 
a population of about 17,000, and, for an inland town, is 
well situated for trade. The trade of the place consists 
chiefly in the produce of the vicinity; in corn, wine, and 
tobacco ; also in salt. It has some intercourse with Fiume 
and Trieste, which may be termed the maritime outlets of 
Croatia; 84 miles east-by-north of Fiume, and 144 south of 
Vienna. Lat. 45. 49. 2. N. long. 16. 4. 41. E. 
ZAGYVA, a large river in the interior of Hungary, which 
rises on Mount Matra, in the county of Heves, flows south¬ 
ward, and falls into the Theyss at Szolnok. 
ZAHARA, a small town of Spain, in the province of 
Seville, near the source of the river Guadalete. It stands on 
a hill. The houses are scooped out of the solid rock; and 
the precipice behind them is at least 1200 feet in height. It 
is accessible only by a narrow pathway, which a mule can¬ 
not ascend without difficulty. There are several small towns 
in the south of Spain, situated on similar spots, having been 
erected by the Moors, after the continued attacks of the 
Spaniards rendered a residence unsafe in the plains; 40 miles 
south-east of Seville. 
ZAHNA. a town of Prussian Saxony; 9 miles north-east 
of Wittenberg. Population 1400. 
ZAIIRINGEN, a petty town of the west of Germany, in 
Baden, once the residence of a celebrated family of that 
name; 2 miles north of Freyburg. 
ZAI LA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Parina- 
cochas. 
Z AIN AH, a place of Algiers, in the province of Con- 
stantina, in which are considerable ruins, probably those of 
the ancient Zama; 40 miles south-west of Constantina. 
ZAINE, or Wed el Berber, a river in the western part 
of the territory of Tunis, in Africa, which falls into the Medi¬ 
terranean, Lat. 36.54. N. long. 9. 16. E. 
ZAIZAN, Nor, a large lake of Tartary, situated among 
the Altai mountains, near the Frontier of Asiatic Russia. It 
is 
