Z A M 
Z A M 
801 
is formed by the Irtysch, which passes through it, and bears 
above, the name of Upper, and below, that of Lower. 
ZALANGO, a small island of the Pacific ocean, near the 
coast of Guayaquil. 
ZALATHNA, a town of Transylvania, in the county of 
Lower Weissenburg, on the small river Ampoy. It has 4000 
inhabitants, partly of Wallachian, and partly of German and 
Magyar descent. The principal employment of the inhabi¬ 
tants is mining; and it is here that the gold washed by the 
Gypsies and Wallachians, from the sand of the rivers, is pur¬ 
chased by the officers of government. The mines of Zalathna 
produce gold, silver, cinnabar, and mercury. Tellurium is 
also found at one place in the neighbourhood. At a little 
distance are the ruins of a town, supposed to be the Colonia 
Perendanesiorutn of the Romans; 20 miles west of Carls- 
burg. 
ZALESIE, a village of Poland, near the frontiers of 
Russia ; 46 miles east-by-south of Siedlec. 
ZALESZCZYKI, a town of Austrian Poland, on the 
Dniester, and the frontiers of Moldavia. It contains 5500 in¬ 
habitants, and has manufactures of woollens; also of glass. 
It was founded by the celebrated count Stanislaus Poniatow- 
sky, who invited to it a colony of German manufacturers, 
chiefly Lutherans; 120 miles south-south-east of Lemberg. 
Lat. 48. 43. N. long. 25. 46. 5. E. 
Z ALEUCUS, a philosopher and legislator of Greece, and 
founder of the Locrian state, flourished in the 7th century 
B. C. He was of obscure birth, and lived in servitude as a 
shepherd ; but his extraordinary abilities and merit attracted 
notice even in his humble station, and advanced him to the 
government. His laws were deemed severe, but being adap¬ 
ted to the circumstances and manners of the Locrians, their 
constitution was for several ages highly celebrated. His dis¬ 
cipline was rigorous, so that he prohibited the use of wine, 
otherwise than as a medicine; and he ordained, that adulte¬ 
rers should be punished with the loss of their eyes. When 
his son had incurred this penalty, he blended paternal lenity 
with a pretence of maintaining the authority of the laws, by 
ordering his son to be deprived of one eye, and by submitting 
to the loss of one of his own eyes. In order to secure the 
permanent stability of his system of legislation, he required 
that a person who proposed a change in any one of them 
should come before the assembly with a cord about his neck, 
that he might be instantly strangled, if upon examination 
the old law were preferred. Diod. Sic. Laert. Brucker, 
by Enfield. 
ZALOSCE, a small town of Austrian Poland, in the circle 
of Zloczow. It is divided by the river Sereth, into Old and 
New Zalosce. The inhabitants are chiefly of the United Greek 
church. 
ZAMBA, a settlement of New Granada, in the province 
of Carthagena. 
ZAMBA, a bay on the coast of New Granada, and pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena. It is very large, convenient, and shel¬ 
tered from the winds; for which reason it is much frequented 
by vessels, which generally enter it to take in water. 
ZAMBA, an island, called Galera de Zamba, from its long 
and narrow figure, and forming one of the sides of the former 
bay. 
ZAMBA, a seaport of south America, in the gulf of Darien, 
noted for the fertility of the adjacent country. 
ZAMBE, a point on the coast of Carthagena, in New Gra¬ 
nada, between the city of Carthagena and the river Magda¬ 
lena. 
ZAMBESE, or Guam a, a large river of Eastern Africa, 
which rises from unknown sources, in a mountainous terri¬ 
tory in the interior, rolls through the kingdom of Mocaranga, 
and falls into the Indian ocean, in lat. 19. S. long. 37. E. 
Gold mines are found near its banks; and a considerable 
quantity of ivory is also brought down. With a view to the 
carrying on of this trade, the Portuguese have erected forts at 
Sena and Tete. 
ZAMBORONDON, a settlement of Quito, in the pro¬ 
vince of Guayaquil. Lat. 0. 48. S. 
ZAMBRANO (Juan Luis), a Spanish painter, was born 
Von. XXIV. No. 1674. 
at Cordova in 1599. He was a disciple of Paolo de Cespedes, 
and was a successful follower of the style of that master. His 
principal works are in the cathedral at Cordova, and in the 
church of the convent of Los Martyros, where he painted 
two altar-pieces, representing the stoning of St. Stephen, and 
the martyrdom of St Acisclo and St. Victoria. In the colegio 
di Santa Catalina is a fine picture by him of a guardian angel 
and a St. Christopher, which Palomino describes as designed 
in the great style of M. Angelo. He passed the latter part of 
his life at Seville, where he painted several altar-pieces for the 
church of St. Basil, and died in that city in 1639, at the age 
of 40. 
ZAMBRANO, a settlement of New Granada, in the pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena, situate on the shore of the Magdalena. 
ZAMBRONA, a cape of Naples, on the west coast of Ca¬ 
labria. Lat. 37. 48. N. long. 16. 6. E. 
ZAMIA, in Botany, a genus of the class appendix palmas, 
dioecia order polyandria, natural order of palmae, Alices 
(Juss.J —Generic Character. Male—Calyx: ament strobile¬ 
shaped, ovate, obtuse; scales horizontal, peltate, obovate, 
very blunt, one-flowered, thickened at the top, permanent. 
Corolla none. Stamina: filaments none. Anthers subglo- 
bular, clustered, accumulated in the lower surface of the 
scales, sessile, two-valved, opening above by a longitudinal 
cleft. Pollen, farinaceous. Female—Calyx: ament strobile¬ 
shaped, larger, ovate, imbricate; scales pedicelled, peltate, 
angular, finally distant, permanent. Corolla none. Pistil: 
germs two, irregular, angular, inserted into the margin under 
the pelta of the scales, solitary on each side, nodding. Style 
none. Stigma obtuse, obscurely cloven at the side. Peri¬ 
carp : berries to each scale two ovate, barked at the base, 
fleshy, one-celled. Seed one in each berry, ovate.— Essen¬ 
tial Character. Male—Ament strobile-shaped, scales co¬ 
vered with pollen underneath. Female—Ament strobile¬ 
shaped, with scales at each margin ; berry solitary. 
1. Zamia furfuracea, or broad-leaved zamia.—’Leaflets 
wedge-shaped, straight, very smooth from the middle to the 
tip, serrate, scurfy underneath; stipe spiny. Stem thick, sel¬ 
dom rising more than two feet high.—It was discovered by 
Dr. Houstoun in the sands near Old Vera Cruz, in America. 
2. Zamia integrffolio, or dwarf zamia.—Leaflets mostly' 
quite entire, bluntish, awnless, straight, shining; stipe un¬ 
armed. The spadix is divided into florets after the manner 
of the fruit of the cypress.—Native of East Florida. 
3. Zamia debilis, or long-leaved zamia.—Leaflets linear, 
awnless, serrulate at the tip from spreading, recurved, longer 
than the channelled rachis; stipe three-sided, compressed, 
unarmed.—Native of the West Indies. 
4. Zamia pungens, or needle zamia.—Leaflets awl-shaped, 
spreading, strict, rigid, mucronate; the outer margin of the 
base rounded; stipe roundish, unarmed.—Native of the Cape 
of Good Hope. 
5. Zamia cycadis, or narrow-leaved zamia.—Leaflets ob¬ 
lique, linear-lanceolate, awl-shaped, hairy, curved, one, two, 
or three-spined at the tip; stipe unarmed.—Native of the 
Cape of Good Hope. 
ZAMIANSK, a small Cossack town on the banks of the 
Volga, in the Russian government of Astracan, where a con¬ 
siderable fishery is carried on; 20 miles north-west of Astra¬ 
can. 
ZAMOLXIS, a celebrated person among the Scythians, 
was, as some have supposed, a slave of Pythagoras, who, 
having attended him into Egypt, obtained his freedom, and 
taught his master’s doctrine among the Getae. It has been 
also said, that in order to enforce the belief of the immor¬ 
tality of the soul, he dug a subterraneous apartment, and 
concealed himself in it for three years; but re-appearing as 
one risen from the dead, he there established his authority as 
a teacher. But Herodotus, who relates this fabulous story, 
qs a common tradition, gives it no credit, but expressly says, 
that so far from being a Pythagorean, he flourished at a much 
earlier period than Pythagoras. The general testimony of the 
ancients furnishes reason for concluding, that Zamolxis was 
a Thracian, who, at a very remote period, taught the Scy¬ 
thians the doctrine of the immortality of the soul, and that 
8 Q after 
