802 
Z A M 
Z A N 
after his death, they enrolled his name among the divinities 
with whom they assured themselves they should associate in 
the invisible world. Herodotus relates, that at certain festivals, 
they chose several persons by lot, who were to be deputed as 
messengers to Zamolxis; and that they put them to death, 
by throwing them up into the air, and catching -them, as 
they fell, upon the points of their spears; and this story is 
thought to be the more credible, because it is well known, 
that the practice of offering human sacrifices prevailed among 
the Scythians and the Thracians. Herodotus. Brucker, by 
Enfield. 
ZAMORA, a province in the north-west of Spain, formed 
of a part of the great province of Leon, and lying to the south 
and north of the Douro, on the frontiers of Portugal. Its 
area, equal to one of our larger counties, is 1050 square miles; 
its population, far more thinly scartered, is only between 
70,000 and 80,000. Its surface is in general hilly, and ill 
adapted to tillage. In fruit, however, it abounds; and the 
climate, (the latitude being 42. N.) is in general well adapted 
to vines. Its manufactures are quite insignificant; its exports 
are limited to wool, wine, and hides, along with small quan¬ 
tities of linen and corn. 
ZAMORA, a considerable town in the north-west of 
Spain, in Leon, the capital of the preceding province. It is 
built near the north bank of the Douro, and to the east of an 
angular district, formed by a projection of the Portuguese 
territory into that of Spain. The height it stands on com¬ 
mands the river, and gives it, from a distance, a good appear¬ 
ance; but the houses are old fashioned, the streets narrow, 
and the appearance of the interior in general gloomy. It is 
the residence of a bishop, contains a number of churches and 
chapels, and has about 9000 inhabitants. It is also the seat 
of the government offices of the province, has a few manu¬ 
factures of serge and linen, and a school for engineers. It is 
a place of old date, having derived its present name from the 
Moors, who called it Medinato Zamorate, or the town of tur¬ 
quoises, stones of that description being frequently found 
among the neighbouring rocks. In the 11th century it was 
demolished by a Moorish force, but rebuilt by the Spanish 
government, and fortified as a frontier town on the side of 
Portugal. The walls are still kept up; but the population 
of the place is said to have considerably declined. The en¬ 
virons are fertile, and well adapted to pasturage; 33 miles 
north of Salamanca. Lat. 41. 35. N. long. 5. 22. W. 
ZAMORA, a town of Mexico, and capital of a jurisdiction 
of the same name, in the province of Valladolid. The 
town is well built. It extends a quarter of a league from 
north to south, and somewhat less from east to west. It has 
many gardens and orchards, which are irrigated by a fine 
river, called the Rio Grande, which has also several other 
smaller rivers, which may be called its branches. This river 
runs south, and abounds in fine fish; and the greater part 
of the town stands upon its banks; and on these are also 
many fields of wheat. The town was founded in 1540 by 
order of the king, for a garrison, and as a frontier to the Chi- 
chimeca nation. Its population is composed of 300 families 
of Spaniards, mustees, and mulattoes. It has, besides the 
parish church, two convents; 155 miles west-north-west of 
Mexico. Lat. 20. 2. N. long. 101. 46. W. 
ZAMORA, a town of Quito, in the province of Jaen de 
Bracamoros, situated on the shore of the river Zamora. Since 
its mines have been abandoned, it has fallen to be nothing 
more than a miserable village. It is still inhabited by some 
reduced but industrious families; 234 miles south of Quito, 
and 85 north-north-west of Jaen. Lat. 4. 2. S. long. 78. 
50. W. 
ZAMORA, a large river of Quito, which rises in the pro¬ 
vince of Jaen de Bracamoros, and after collecting the waters 
of many streams, falls into the Mayo or Santiago, which 
enters the Amazons. 
ZAMOSKI, a town in the south-east of Poland ; 47 miles 
south-south-east of Lublin, and belonging to what is now 
called the kingdom of Poland. It is situated on a small emi¬ 
nence, surrounded by marshes, and having large forests to the 
south-east and north-west. It is not an ancient place, having 
been built in the close of the 16th century, and fortified ac-- 
cording to the rules of that age. It has long been considered 
a military station of importance. In 1656 it was unsuccess¬ 
fully besieged by the Swedes ; in 1715 it was surprised by 
the Saxons; and in the civil contests of 1771, the Poles were 
defeated in its vicinity, by the Russians. In 1812 it was one 
of the few towns in which the French left a garrison, after 
their retreat from Russia. Its fortifications have not been 
carefully kept up; but it has a stately cathedral, several 
churches, a lyceum, and classical school, in lieu of its former 
university; also a public library, and a population, chiefly 
in the suburbs, of 6600. Lat. 50. 43. N. long. 23. 15. E 
ZAMOSZZYN, a small town of Prussian Poland, near the 
Netz, and 44 miles north-by-east of Posen. 
ZAMPALA, a river of Mexico, which rises in the province 
of Tlascala, and runs into the gulf of Mexico. Lat. 19. 40. 
N. 
ZAMPALA, or Chempoalla, or Zempoala, a city of 
Mexico. When Cortez landed in the year 1519, the chief 
or lord of this place, who was tributary to Montezuma, offer¬ 
ed his service to the Spaniards. It was at that time a large 
city, and exceedingly populous, the lowest account reckoning 
the inhabitants at 20,000 or 30,000. It was at that time the 
capital of a country called Totonacapan, now the north-east 
part of the province of Tlascala ; 90 miles east of Puebla de 
los Angeles. Lat. 20.10. N. long. 97. 50. W. 
ZAMPIERI (Domenico), called Domenichino in the 
History of Painting, was born at Bologna in 1581, and 
placed when very young under the tuition of Denis Calvert; 
but being ill treated by him, he prevailed upon his father to 
permit him to enter the school of the Carracci, at the time 
when Guido and Albano were both students there. He soon 
distinguished himself, but more by his care and assiduity than 
by brilliancy of talent. He here attached himself to Albano, 
and, when he left the Carracci, they travelled together to 
Parma, Modena, and Reggio, to study the works of Corre- 
gio and Parmeggiano, and soon afterwards they both went to 
Rome. In that city his first patron was cardinal Agucchi, 
who employed him in his palace, and commissioned him to 
paint three pictures for the church of S. Onofria, 6f subjects 
from the life of S. Jerome. His former master, An. Carracci, 
also employed him for some time to assist in his great work 
at the Farnese gallery; and he painted from his own designs, 
in the loggia in the garden, the Death of Adonis, when Ve¬ 
nus springs from her car to assist her unfortunate lover. 
Domenichino not only excelled in historical painting, in 
works both great and small, but he has also left us many 
landscapes of extraordinary excellence in point of tone; sel¬ 
dom can so much be said of their compositions. They are 
generally select in scenery, of a grave and dignified charac¬ 
ter, and are executed with boldness and freedom, and enriched 
with figures. A very fine one may be seen in the collection 
of the marquis of Stafford. He is universally esteemed as 
the best among the disciples of the Carracci, and Nicolo 
Poussin is said to have preferred him before them: but that 
favour, if we except the Communion of S. Jerome, his works 
will scarcely be found to support. M. Fuseli has remarked, 
that “ expression which had languished alter the death of 
Raphael seemed to revive in Domenichino ; but his sensibi¬ 
lity was not supported by equal comprehension, elevation of 
mind, or dignity of motive.” His forms are by no means so 
pure or graceful, or his actions so natural and unconstrained, 
as those of that divine painter. His invention does not ap¬ 
pear to have been vivid, but his study was unremitting, and 
with all his defects he well deserved the title of a great 
painter, and certainly has not since been equalled. He died 
in 1641, aged 60. 
ZAMUCOS, a settlement of Peru, in the provinceof Chaco, 
situate on the shore of the river Paraguay. 
ZAMUDIOS, a river of New Granada, in the province of 
Chaco, which runs west, and enters the Pacific ocean. 
ZANCA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Quispi- 
canchi. 
ZANCHI (Basilio), an elegant Latin poet, was born at 
Bergamo in 1501, and pursued his studies under Giovita 
Rapicio 
