804 Z A N 
like. Bracte axillary, tubular, membranaceous. Flowers two 
together within each bracte, one male, the other female.— 
Native of Europe and Virginia; flowering in June and July. 
Ditches and stagnant waters, near Pancras church; Bungay, 
in Suffolk, Cherry-Hinton, &c. Cambridgeshire; between 
Headington and the Wick, in Oxfordshire. 
ZANNONE, a small island in the Tuscan sea, between 
the island of Ponza and the cape of Mount Circelli on the 
mainland. 
ZANOJE, a settlement of New Granada, in South Ame¬ 
rica, on the shore of the Guarico. 
Z ANONI A [so named by Linnseus, in memory of Giaco¬ 
mo Zanoni, prefect of the botanic garden at Bologna], in 
Botany, a genus of the class dioecia, order pentandria, natural 
order of cucurbitacese (Juss .)—Generic Character. Male 
—Calyx: perianth three-leaved ; leaflets ovate, spreading, 
shorter than the corolla. Corolla one-petaled, five-parted, 
spreading ; segments acuminate, bent in, equal. Stamina: 
filaments five, spreading, length of the calyx. Anthers sim¬ 
ple. Female on a distinct plant—Calyx: perianth as in the 
male, placed on the germ. Corolla as in the male. Pistil: 
germ oblong, inferior. Styles three, spreading, conical, bent 
back, permanent. Stigmas bifid, curled. Pericarp: berry long, 
very large, truncate, attenuated at the base, surrounded with a 
curled suture towards the top, three-celled. Seeds two in 
each cell, oblong-round, in the centre of a lanceolate 
scale .—Essential Character. Calyx three-leaved. Corolla 
five-parted. Female—Styles three. Berry three-celled, in¬ 
ferior. Seeds two in each cell. 
Zanonia indica.—Native of Malabar. 
ZANOTTI (Francis Maria), a mathematician and phi¬ 
losopher, was born at Bologna in 1692, began his education 
among the Jesuits, and pursued a course of natural philoso¬ 
phy at the place of his nativity. Declining the prosecution 
of jurisprudence, to which he directed his first attention, he 
devoted himself to the study of philosophy, laying the 
foundation in an acquaintance with mathematics, and com¬ 
mencing with the works of Descartes and Malebranche. 
But being desirous of studying the works of Aristotle and 
Plato in the original language, he applied with diligence to 
acquire a knowledge of the Greek, so that he became able 
not only to read but to write it. Thus furnished, he obtain¬ 
ed leave to give lectures in philosophy; in the course of 
which he instituted a comparison between the system of 
Descartes and that of Newton, avowing a decided preference 
to the latter ; more particularly as it respects optics and as¬ 
tronomy. It was by his advice and under his direction, that 
Algarotti undertook to compose a popular treatise on light 
and colours. Declining to go to Padua for the purpose of 
giving lectures, he was appointed librarian to the Institute at 
his native place, and afterwards secretary, in which office he 
drew up in Latin an account of the transactions of the aca¬ 
demy, with a history of its institutions, which he continued 
till the year 1766. This work was rendered peculiarly 
pleasing and instructive by the clearness of his arrangement, 
and the excellence of his style; in both which respects he 
seems to have formed himself on the model of Fontenelle. 
To these transactions he was himself a contributor; commu¬ 
nicating a method of squaring different spaces of the hyper¬ 
bola, and several important discoveries with regard to the 
circle, sphere, and circumscribing figures. Of these disco¬ 
veries he transmitted an account to the Academy of Sciences 
at Montpellier, of which, as well as of the Royal Society of 
London, he had been elected a member. In his specula¬ 
tions on moral philosophy, he defended the Peripatetics 
against Maupertuis; and his adversary Ansaldi, in his “ Vin- 
diciee Maupertusianse,” accused him of depreciating the Ca¬ 
tholic religion, as he ascribed too great influence to the Stoic 
philosophy in alleviating the misfortunes of human life. This 
controversy gave occasion to many publications. 
Zanotti was a poet as well as a mathematician and philo¬ 
sopher, and wrote verses both in the Tuscan and Latin lan¬ 
guages; aiming, in imitation of the most celebrated poets of 
Italy, to blend the suavity of Petrarch with the energy and 
Z A N 
vigour of Dante. Many of his Italian poems were published 
by Eustatio Manfredi; and some of his Latin elegies were 
edited by J. Antonio Vulpi; who says of them, that Catullus 
himself would not have been ashamed to acknowledge them. 
Both his Italian and Latin poems were afterwards published 
separately, first at Florence, and lastly at Bologna; and in 
this edition are contained imitations of Tibullus, Ovid, and 
Virgil, as well as of Catullus. After the death of Beccaria, 
Zanotti, whose modesty was no less conspicuous than his ta¬ 
lents and acquirements, accepted the office of president of the 
Institute, which he deemed peculiarly honourable, as it was 
a token of esteem conferred upon him by his countrymen. 
Among the learned men with whom he maintained inter¬ 
courses of friendship or correspondence were the famous ana¬ 
tomist Morgagni, Voltaire, and pope Benedict XIV. He 
died in the month of January, 1777. His works, besides 
those to which we have already referred, were numerous. 
ZANOTTI (Giovanni Pietro), was born at Paris, though 
of Italian parentage, in 1674. He was sent young to Bo¬ 
logna, and became a pupil of Lorenzo Passinelli. Under 
that master he acquired an agreeable tone of colouring, a 
mellow pencil, and an intelligent acquaintance with the 
principle of the chiaro oscuro. He painted several altar- 
pieces for the churches at Bologna, of which the most es¬ 
teemed are, the Incredulity of St. Thomas, in the church of 
S. Tommaso del Mercato; the Resurrection, in S. Pietro; 
the Nativity, in La Purita; and a large picture in the pa- 
lazzo publico, representing the ambassadors from Rome 
swearing fidelity to the Bolognese. He resided great part of 
his life at Cortona, where he also distinguished himself by 
several pictures painted for the churches, particularly Christ 
appearing to the Magdalen, Christ bearing his Cross, and 
the Murder of the Innocents. 
Zanotti was a laborious and intelligent writer on art. Of 
his numerous publications the most considerable is his “ Storia 
dell’ Academia Clementina di Bologna,” published in two 
vols. 4to. in 1739. He died in 1765, aged 91. Bryant's 
Diet. 
ZANOW, a small town of Prussia, in Pomerania; 42 
miles north-by-west of New Stettin. Population 800. 
Z ANTE, the ancient Zacynthus , an island of the Medi¬ 
terranean, forming a part of "the Ionian republic, and situated 
at a short distance to the south of Cephalonia, and to the 
west of the ancient Elis, in the Morea or Peloponnesus. Its 
form is irregular; its length 15 miles; its breadth above 8 ; 
its circumference more than 30; its area about 160. In its 
aspect it is the finest of the Ionian islands, presenting, when 
viewed from the fort above the toun of Zante, a prospect of 
vales and eminences richly cultivated, and covered with 
hamlets or villages, embosomed in olive plantations. The 
highest hill in the island is called Skopo, and the only plain 
of any extent bears the name of Chierri. Zante has no large 
rivulets, and in summer, considerable inconvenience is ex¬ 
perienced, from the drying up of the springs and wells. The 
whole surface of the island presents the traces of subter¬ 
raneous fire, discovered in some parts by warm sulphureous 
springs; in others by a degree of heat in the soil, which 
gives uncommon activity to vegetation. The springs of 
petroleum and mineral tar are worked to advantage. The 
coast is begirt with steep rocks, which in many places form 
recesses, answering in some degree the purpose of harbours. 
The climate, though extremely hot in summer, is not un¬ 
wholesome. Like the neighbouring islands, Zante is sub¬ 
ject to frequent shocks of earthquakes, but they are seldom 
attended with the loss of lives, and not always with the 
overthrow of buildings, though the latter took place to a 
considerable extent in 1820. 
The chief products of Zante are currants, olives, and other 
fruits of a warm latitude (38. N.). Currants have long 
formed a great article of export to England and Holland ; 
and the wines of Zante, if skilfully prepared, would be of 
good quality. Of olive oil, the annual produce is fully 
32,000 barrels, each of about 130 lbs. On the other hand, 
the corn raised is hardly equal to four months consumption ; 
and 
