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Z I N 
ZINDORF, a large village of the Prussian states, in the 
duchy of Berg. It is situated on the Rhine, near Sieg- 
burg. 
ZINGA, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Huama- 
lies. 
ZINGILLA, a strong mountain fortress of Abyssinia, in 
the province of Samen. 
ZINGIS, otherwise Jenghiz-khan, or Genghiz-lchan, 
the founder of the Mogul empire, was the son of Bisukai, or 
Jesukai, a chief over thirteen hordes of Moguls in the Tarta¬ 
rian range between China and the Caspian sea, and born 
about the year 1161 or 1163, his first name being Temuiin. 
See Mogul. 
Z1NGST, a small island on the coast of Pomerania. It is 
separated from the Baltic by a small strait called the Bar- 
thische Binnenwasser, and contains a few villages. Lat. 54. 
28. N. long. 12.50. E. 
ZINJAN, a considerable and prosperous town in the 
northern part of Irak, in Persia, capital of a district; 21 
miles north-west of Sultania. 
ZINKENDORF, Great and Little, two villages of 
the west of Hungary, in the palatinate of Oedenburg. 
ZINKOV, a small town of European Russia, in the go¬ 
vernment of Pultava, and the chief place of a circle; 46 
miles north of Pultava. 
ZINKOW, another small town of Russia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Podolia; 32 miles north of Kaminiec. 
ZINN (John Godfrey), an anatomist and botanist, was 
born in 1726, studied under Haller at Gottingen, and became 
botanical professor in that university. His first experiments 
were undertaken in order to ascertain the sensibility of differ¬ 
ent parts of the brain ; he then proceeded to the examination 
of the eye, which produced his esteemed work, intitled “ Des- 
criptio Anatomica Oculi Hurnani, Iconibus illustrata,” Got- 
ting. 4to. 1755. Botany was also the subject of his assidu¬ 
ous study, the result of which appeared in several papers, 
and in a Catalogue of the Plants in the Academical Garden 
and Vicinity of Gottingen, arranged according to the system 
of Haller. His premature death happened at the age of 32, 
in April, 1758. He was a member of the Academy of Sci¬ 
ences at Gottingen, the Institute of Bologna, and the Royal 
Society of Berlin.— Haller. Eloy. 
ZINN A, a town of the Prussian states, in the province of 
Brandenburg, with 1000 inhabitants. In the neighbour¬ 
hood is a village of the same name; 35 miles south-by-west 
of Berlin. 
ZINNIA [so named by Linnaeus, in honour of John Godofr. 
Zinn, pupil of Haller, and professor of botany at Goettingen 
after him], in Botany, a genus of the class syngenesia, order 
polygamia superflua, natural order of composite oppositi- 
folise, corymbiferce (Juss.J —Generic Character. Calyx com¬ 
mon ovate-cylindrical, even, imbricate; scales numerous, 
obtuse, erect, permanent. Corolla compound, radiate ; co- 
rollets hermaphrodite, several in a raised disk. Females five 
to ten, in a ray. Properof the hermaphrodite funnel-form, 
five-cleft, villose within. Female ligulate, roundish, retuse, 
larger than the disk, permanent. Stamina in the hermaphro¬ 
dites : filaments five, very short. Anther cylindrical tubular. 
Pistil in the hermaphrodites : germ oblong, awned, one awn 
longer than the other. Style filiform, semibifid. Stigmas 
two, erect, obtuse. In the females: germ oblong, three- 
sided, awnless. Style capillary, semibifid. Stigmas two, re¬ 
curved. Pericarp none. Calyx unchanged. Seeds in the her¬ 
maphrodite solitary, oblong, four-cornered-ancipital. Down 
with two points, one of them awned. In the females solitary, 
awnless, crowned with the permanent petal. Receptacle 
chaffy: chaffs tongue-shaped, channelled, length of the ca¬ 
lyx, deciduous .—Essential Character. Calyx ovate-cylin¬ 
drical, imbricate. Florets of the ray five, permanent, entire. 
Seed-down with two erect awns. Receptacle chaffy. 
1. Zinnia pauciflora, or yellow zinnia.—Flowers sessile; 
leaves opposite, cordate-lanceolate, embracing, sessile. This 
rises to the height of four feet. The stalks become hard and 
woody, and divide into many branches.—Native of Peru. 
2. Zinnia multiflora, or red zinnia.—Flowers peduncled ; 
Z I N 
leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate, sub-petioled. Root annual. 
Stalk and branches more erect, covered with soft hairs and 
channelled.—Native of North America. 
3. Zinnia verticillata, or whorl-leaved zinnia. Flowers 
peduncled; leaves in whorls ovate-lanceolate, petioled; ray 
double. This resembles the first species; but the leaves are 
always in whorls, three, four, or five together; and the ray 
of the corolla is red and double.—Native of Mexico. 
4. Zinnia elegans, or purple zinnia.—Flowers peduncled; 
leaves opposite, cordate-ovate, sessile embracing; stem rough¬ 
haired ; chaffs of the corolla serrate. Root annual. Stem 
erect, round, rough, six feet high, putting forth upright 
branches the whole length.—Native of Mexico. 
5. Zinnia tenuiflora, or slender-flowered zinnia.—Flowers 
peduncled; leaves opposite, cordate-lanceolate, petioled; ray 
linear-lanceolate, reflexed. Root annual. Stem three feet 
high, erect, round, rugged, hirsute, branched, the thickness 
of a reed.—Native of South America. 
Propagation and Culture .—Sow the seeds upon a mode¬ 
rate hot-bed in March. When the plants come up, raise the 
lights to give them air, whenever the weather is not too cold, 
otherwise the plants will draw up weak. When they are 
about an inch high, plant them on another hot-bed, but do 
not treat them too tenderly, for they are very subject to grow 
too luxuriant in branches. 
ZINN WALD, a mining town of Germany ; 4 miles south- 
south-west of Lowenstein. Population only 900. 
ZINTEN, a town of East Prussia, on the small river 
Stratge; 18 miles south-south-west of Konigsberg. Popu¬ 
lation 1500. 
ZINTO, a river of New Granada, in the province of Santa 
Martha, which runs from south to north, and enters the sea, 
forming a small bay. Its mouth is in lat. 11. 17. N. 
ZINU, a seaport of South America, in the gulf of Darien, 
noted for the fertility of the surrounding country. 
ZINZELEJO, a settlement of New Granada, in the pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena. 
ZINZENDORF (Nicholas Louis), was born at Dresden 
in May, 1700. Under professor Frankeat Halle, he became 
a good classical scholar; and his facility in composing verses 
was such, that he indited them faster than he could write 
them. Such, however, was his proneness to dissipation, and 
particularly gaming, that he squandered away not only his 
money, but all his effects. From his youth he was fond of 
forming religious societies, and it is said that he had esta¬ 
blished seven associations of this kind between the year 1710 
and the year 1716, when he left Halle. About the year 
1722 he indulged the notion of a purer church discipline, 
of which he observed some traces among the Bohemian and 
Moravian brethren, who, from their earliest connection with 
the Waldenses and true followers of John Huss, had formed 
a peculiar religious community. The Christians of this des¬ 
cription had undergone from the year 1458 to 1627, severe 
persecutions, so that they were almost extirpated from Ger¬ 
many ; but a small number of them remained, under op¬ 
pression, in Moravia; and about the year 1720 the sect re¬ 
vived : so that they held frequent meetings, read the Scrip¬ 
tures with their old books of hymns, celebrated in secret the 
holy sacrament, and introduced, at least in their houses, the 
ancient church discipline. One of their number, of obscure 
condition, obtained an introduction to count Zinzendorf, 
who gave them leave to settle on his estate at Bertholdsdorf. 
Availing themselves of this permission, a small number of 
them, consisting of three men, two women, and five children, 
came hither from Moravia, in Whitsuntide, 1722, and erected 
on a hill, in a wild marshy district, a wooden habitation, 
exposing themselves to the derision of the adjacent inhab¬ 
itants. They were so poor that the countess sent them a 
cow to supply milk for their children. However, they gra¬ 
dually gained new converts; and when the count and his 
consort visited this new settlement of the Moravian brethren 
in the month of December, he gave them a cordial welcome, 
and falling upon his knees, pronounced a benediction on 
the infant colony. Such was the origin of the village of 
Hernhut. The count, whilst he afforded them protection. 
