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left them at full liberty to think for themselves; more espe¬ 
cially as he found, upon examination, nothing improper in 
their doctrine. From this time, count Zinzendorf, in con¬ 
nection with some other persons similarly disposed, took 
pains in giving instruction to his subjects, and educating 
their children ; avowing himself a true Lutheran, but wish¬ 
ing that his people might remain totally ignorant of the dis¬ 
putes that subsisted among Protestant divines. 
In 1760 he died at Hernhut, after an illness of four days, 
and his funeral was attended by 2000 of his followers, and 
as many spectators; and his coffin was carried to the grave 
by thirty-two preachers and missionaries, some of whom had 
come from Holland, England, Ireland, North America, and 
even Greenland. 
ZINZIG, a petty town of the Prussian states, near the 
Rhine; 20 miles west-north-west of Coblentz. Population 
800. 
ZIOPATA, a bay on the coast of New Granada, and pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena, in the gulf of Tolu. 
ZIORICA, an island of the river Orinoco, opposite La 
Guyana. 
ZIPACON, a settlement of New Granada, in the province 
of Bogota. 
ZIPAQUIRA, a settlement of South America, in New 
Granada, containing 800 housekeepers; 10 miles north- 
north-east of Santa Fe. 
ZIPPLINGEN, a village of Germany, in Wirtemberg. 
Population 1000. 
ZIPS, a palatinate in the north of Hungary, bordering on 
Poland, and situated between the palatinates of Saros and 
Liptau. Its area is about 1800 square miles; its population 
165,000. It is a mountainous district, situated among the 
Carpathians, and containing the Lomnitz, the loftiest peak 
of the whole chain. Its wealth lies in its mines of iron and 
copper, and in its manufactures of hardware and linen. 
ZIPUAZA, or Zipueza, in the time of the Indians, a large 
and populous city of New Granada, in the province of Santa 
Martha. It is at present a miserable village, situate on the 
south-west coast of Lake Zapatosa, and at a small distance 
from the grand river Magdalena on the east part, and about 
56 miles south-south-east of the city of Teneriffe. 
ZIRCON. See Mineralogy. 
ZIRITA, a river of the Caraccas, which runs into Lake 
Maracaibo. There is a town of the same name on its 
banks. 
ZIRKE, or Sierakow, a town of Prussian Poland, on the 
Wartha; 38 miles west-north-west of Posen. Population 
1800. 
ZIRKNITZ, or Czirkniz, a remarkable lake of the Aus¬ 
trian states, in Carniola; 23 miles south-south-west of Lay- 
bach. It is situated amidst lofty mountains and frightful 
precipices, composed of calcareous matter, and containing 
vast subterranean caverns, which communicate with each 
other by openings, which are in general small. The lake of 
Zirknitz, which is six miles in length, and three in breadth, 
presents a curious phenomenon, having two subterranean 
outlets, by which its water is wholly discharged. The bottom 
of the lake remaining dry for about four months, is cultivated, 
and made to produce a crop of millet and hay. At the end 
of this period, the water rises with impetuosity through seve¬ 
ral openings, and fills the lake to its former height, in the 
short space of twenty-four hours. 
ZIRL, a populous village of the Austrian states, in Tyrol; 
7 miles west of Inspruck. 
ZIRLAW, a village of Prussian Silesia, in the circle of 
Schweidnitz. Population 900. 
ZIS, a river of Africa, rising from a mountain of the same 
name, forming part of the Atlas, between Fez and Tafilet. 
It flows southwards, and loses itself in the sands of Tafilet. 
ZISKA (John), a distinguished leader among the Hussites, 
was the son of a Bohemian gentleman, named “ De Trocz- 
nou,” and celebrated for military valour in his youth. Ziska, 
denoting “ one-eyed,” was an appellation, which he bore in 
consequence of having lost an eye in a combat, on occasion 
of the perfidious execution of John Huss and Jerome of 
Prague, at the council of Constance. Their followers took 
up arms, and invited Ziska to be their commander. In 1519 
he accepted the invitation; and having assembled a body 
of peasants, he soon disciplined them so as to be equal to ve¬ 
teran troops. From a fortress which he constructed on an 
elevated situation, and called Thabor, the Hussites derived 
the name of Thaborites. At the siege of Rabi he lost 
his other eye; but though totally blind, he executed his 
office as commander with great vigour and success. At 
Aussig on the Elbe he gained a complete victory over the Ca¬ 
tholics, and left 9000 of them on the field, retaliating the se¬ 
verities which they inflicted on the Reformers, by demolish¬ 
ing their churches, committing their priests to the flames, 
massacring those who were prisoners, and laying waste their 
country, and thus rendering his name formidable. Having 
made himself master of the new town of Prague, it was in¬ 
vested by the emperor Sigismund and other princes : but Si- 
gismund, being defeated with great slaughter by the Thabor¬ 
ites, was obliged to retreat into Moravia, while Ziska laid 
sipge to Wisrhade. When the emperor with a fresh accession 
of forces renewed the attack, he lost his whole army, and the 
town surrendered to Ziska. He also dispersed an army of 
crusaders commanded by an archbishop; and in 1422 he 
again routed the army of Sigismund. In the mean time the 
Hussites renounced their allegiance to Sigismund, and chose 
for themselves a king ; but this measure was disapproved by 
Ziska and the Thaborites, because they were inclined to a re¬ 
publican government; and the new king was compelled to 
abdicate his crown. Such were the reputation and impor¬ 
tance which Ziska acquired, that Sigismund proposed to him 
terms of accommodation; but in his journey to hold a con¬ 
ference with the emperor, he was seized with the plague, 
which terminated his life in 1524. Although the story of his 
having ordered his flesh to be given to the birds and beasts, 
and his skin to cover a drum, for the purpbse of sounding 
dismay to his enemies and courage to his friends, be fabulous, 
it is certain that the Bohemians regarded his memory with 
superstitious veneration.— Un. Hist. Gen. Biog. 
ZISPATA, a bay of the Spanish Main, on the coast of 
South America; 90 miles south of Carthagena. 
ZISPATA, a settlement of New Granada, in the pro¬ 
vince of Carthagena, situate on one of the arms of the river 
Cauca. • 
ZITAQUARO, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy 
of Valladolid, containing 150 families of Spaniards, mestizoes, 
and mulattoes, and 115 of Indians. 
ZITARA, a village of South America, in New Granada, 
and capital of a district to which it gives name, in the pro¬ 
vince of Choco. In the interior of Choco, the ravine of the 
Raspadura unites the sources of the river Noanama or San 
Juan, with the river Quito, which forms, with the Andegada 
and the Zitara, the considerable river Atrato. The river San 
Juan flows into the South sea; and a monk of the village of 
Zitara, caused his flock to dig a small canal in the ravine 
above mentioned, by which, when the rains are abundant 
and the rivers overflow, canoes loaded with cacao, pass from 
the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. This communication has 
existed since 1788, unknown to even the Spaniards them¬ 
selves; the distance of the mouths of the Atrato in the bay of 
Panama, to the estuary of the river San Juan, being" 75 
leagues; 120 miles south-west of Santa Fe de Antioquia, and 
210 north of Popayan. Lat. 6. N.; long. 76. 30. W. 
ZITLALA, a settlement of Mexico; 60 leagues south-west 
of Mexico, containing 175 families of Mexican Indians. 
ZITLALTEPEC, a settlement of Mexico; 1 league west 
of Mexico, containing 90 Indian families. 
ZITTAU, a town of Germany, in Saxony and Upper 
Lusatia, on the Mandau, a small river which falls into the 
Neisse, at a little distance from the town. It is pleasantly 
situated in a small valley, surrounded by hills, and retains its 
old fortification of a double wall and moat. It is tolerably 
built, contains a work-house, an orphan-house, a theatre, 
several schools, and a population of about 7200. This is a 
manufacturing quarter, and the inhabitants are employed 
partly in making woollen, linen, and leather, partly in dye- 
. in 
