820 
Z L O 
ing and bleaching. Zittau is, in a manner, the centre of 
the linen trade of a considerable part of Lusatia ; its district 
containing no less than 15 manufacturing villages. The 
town, however, has suffered severely by different calamities. 
In 1757 it was bombarded by the Austrians, set on fire, and 
pillaged by their irregulars. In 1786 an accidental fire 
destroyed a number of buildings; 47 miles east-by-south of 
Dresden. 
ZITTER, or Setter, a small river of Switzerland, which 
rises in the canton of Appenzel, and falls into the Thur. 
ZIVOLO, a name by which some authors have called the 
smaller species of yellow-hammer, from its constant note, 
which is only si, si. 
It is of the size of the common sparrow; its beak is thick 
and short; its breast and belly yellowish, spotted with 
brown; and its head, back, wings, and tail, of a dusky 
brown, but two of the tail-feathers on each side have a varie¬ 
gation of white. 
The difference between the male and female in this species 
is, that the male is yellow, and has some yellow spots on its 
neck and sides, which are wanting in the female. It is al¬ 
most always seen on the ground, and feeds on seeds, &c. It 
seems but little if at all essentially to differ from the common 
yellow-hammer; and Mr. Ray has some suspicion that they 
are the same species. 
ZIZANIA [plural of tygaviov, which some interpret lolium; 
in our translation of the New Testament it is Tares, but very 
erroneously], in Botany, a genus of the class monoecia, order 
hexandria, natural order of gramina graminese, (Juss.) 
Grasses.—Generic Character. Male flowers below the fe¬ 
males. Calyx none. Corolla: glume two-valved, valves 
lanceolate, awnless, membranaceous, nerved, embracing the 
outer bigger. Nectary two-leaved; leaflets ovate, obtuse. 
Stamina: filaments six, capillary, very short. Anthers linear, 
bifid, scarcely the length of the corolla. Female flowers in 
the same panicle, bigger. Calyx none. Corolla: glume 
two-valved, closed, gaping only above the germ; outer valve 
bigger, hollow, long, straight, embracing the inner on both 
sides, rigid, ending in a long straight awn; inner narrower, 
lanceolate. Nectary two-leafed; leaflets ovate, rounded. 
Stamina: filaments six, minute. Anthers small, barren. 
Pistil: germ ovate. Styles two, very small. Stigmas fea¬ 
thered, eminent. Pericarp none. Glume closed, permanent. 
Seed single, oblong, equal, shining, naked.— Essential Cha¬ 
racter. Male—Calyx none. Corolla: glume two-valved, 
awnless, mixed with the females. Female—Calyx none. 
Corolla: glume two-valved, cowled, awned. Style two- 
parted. Seed one, clothed with the plaited corolla. 
1. Zizania aquatica.—Panicle racemed below, spiked 
above. Root annual. Culm two feet high, obliquely erect, 
covered all over with the sheaths of leaves. Branches two, 
opposite, from the base of the culm, flower-bearing. Leaves 
five or six, even, wider than those of the common reed, with 
smooth sheaths.-—Native of North America: in great abun¬ 
dance in the lakes of Canada. These seeds, which are as large 
as oats, and perhaps as nutritive, are used by the Indians 
for food. 
2. Zizania Hispanica.—Root annual, leaves stalked and 
narrow. Flowers numerous, calyx hispid,-—Native of Spain. 
ZIZELITZ, or Schisselitz, a town of Bohemia, on the 
river Czidlina, with 800 inhabitants ; 43 miles east of 
Prague. 
ZIZENHAUSEN, a village of Germany, in Baden, near 
Stockach. 
ZIZERS, a town of the Swiss canton of the Grisons. Po¬ 
pulation 800. 
ZLAB1NGS or Zlawonetz, a small town of Moravia ; 
35 miles west-by-north of Znaym. 
ZLIN, a town of Moravia; 13 miles north-north-east of 
Hradisch. Population 1900. 
ZLOCZOW, a circle of Austrian Galicia, on the borders 
of the kingdom of Poland, to the east of the circles of Lem¬ 
berg and Zolkiew. Its area is 2000 square miles; and its 
population exceeds 200,000. It is watered by the Bug and 
Stry, besides a number of smaller streams. 
Z O D 
ZLOCZOW, a town of Austrian Poland, and the capital of 
a circle of that name. It contains 6200 inhabitants, and 
has a large public school; also a manufacture of canvas. 
ZMEMOGORSKAIA, a strong fortress of Asiatic Russia, 
in the district of Semipalatnoi. 
ZMIJEV, a small town of European Russia, in the govern¬ 
ment of Slobodsk-Ukraiue, on the Donez; 23 miles south- 
by-east of Charkov, 
ZMILACES, a name given by Pliny to a stone found in 
the river Euphrates, resembling marble, and of a blueish- 
green colour. 
ZMILAMPIS, the name of a gem, described by Pliny 
and the ancients, which they tell us was very like the Pro- 
connesian marble, except that in the centre of the stone 
there was always a blueishspot, resembling the pupil of an 
eye. 
ZMILANTHES, a name given by Solinus and some 
others to a gem called by the more correct writers zmilan- 
pis. 
ZNA, a small river of the interior of European Russia, in 
the government of Tambov, which falls into the Mokscha. 
ZNAYM, a circle of the Austrian empire, containing the 
south part of Moravia, and extending along the borders of 
Lower Austria, between the circles of Iglau and Hradisch. 
Its area is 1300 square miles; its population 134,000. It is 
generally hilly, but more particularly so in the west and 
north. It is not, however, deficient in fertility: madder has 
been cultivated for some years near the town of Znaym; and 
the vines of the district of Austerlits are of good quality. 
Sheep are numerous, and the wool trade is considerable : it is 
chiefly in the hands of Jews. 
ZNAYM, the chief town of the above circle, situated near 
the Theya. It contains some good public edifices, such as 
the Carthusian monastery, the abbey of Luka, an old palace, 
and a council-house. The chief square is also surrounded 
with houses ornamented with a piazza; but the rest of the 
town is ill built. It has a citadel; also a grammar school, 
a college, a Dominican convent, and 5200 inhabitants: 46 
miles north-north-west of Vienna, and 33 south-west of 
Brunn. Lat. 48. 31. 15. N. long. 16. 1. 57. E. 
ZOARA, a small seaport of Tripoli, in Africa; 60 miles 
west-south-west of Tripoli. 
ZOBING, a market town of Germany, in Lower Austria; 
3 miles north of Krems. 
ZOBING, a village of Germany, in Wirtemberg; 8 miles 
west-north-west of Nordlingen. 
ZOBL1TZ, a town of Germany, in Saxony, on the borders 
of Bohemia. It has manufactures of yarn and lace; and 
also a manufacture of a stone found in the vicinity, into pit¬ 
chers and other vessels; 32 miles north-west of Dresden. 
Population 900. 
ZOBTEN, or Zotten, a town of Prussian Silesia; 24 
miles west-south-west of Breslau. It has a large church. 
Population 1000. 
ZOBTENBERG, Zorotenberg, a mountain of Prussian 
Silesia, in the principality of Schweidnitz. It is 2600 feet 
high. 
ZOCAUS, a river of Quito, in the province of Quixos and 
Macas, which enters the Putumayo. 
ZOCHICOATLAN, a town of Mexico, containing 124 
Indian families; 90 miles north-east of Mexico. 
ZO'CLE, s. A small sort of stand or pedestal, being a 
low square piece or member, serving to support a busto, 
statue, or the like, that needs to be raised; also a low square 
member serving to support a column, instead of a pedestal, 
base, or plinth. 
ZOCONUSCO, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy 
of Valladolid, containing 295 Indian families. 
ZODI'ACAL, adj. Relating to the zodiack.—A philoso¬ 
phic explanation of the zodiacal system. Warton. 
ZODIAC (Zodiacus). See Astronomy. 
ZO'DIACK, s. \_zodiaque, Fr.; g’eodiaxoi;, ex ru,v go>uv, Gr. 
the living creatures, the figures of which are painted on it in 
globes.]—The track of the sun through the twelve signs; a 
great circle of the sphere, containing the twelve signs. 
The 
