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ZOPFINGEN, an ancient town of Switzerland, near the 
river Aar. Its inhabitants, 1400 in number, are Catholics, 
and partly employed in the manufacture of linen, cotton, and 
silk. Here is a small public library, with a cabinet of medals 
and other antiques; 24 miles north-north-west of Lucerne. 
ZOPIA, a river of New Granada, in the province of Anti- 
oquia, which joins the Cauca. 
ZORBIG, a town of Prussian Saxony, in the government 
of Merseberg, with 1700 inhabitants; 12 miles north-east of 
Halle. 
ZORGE, a village of Germany, in the duchy of Bruns¬ 
wick; 6 miles north of Walkenried. Population 1000. 
ZORGE, a small river of Thuringia, which joins the 
Helm ; 5 miles west of Nordhausen. 
ZORN, a small river of France, in Alsace, which rises in 
the Vosges mountains, and falls into the Rhine. 
ZORNDORF, or Zarf.ndorf, a village of Prussia, in 
the province of Brandenburg; 6 miles north-by-east of 
Custrin, where the Russians were defeated in a sanguinary 
battle, by the king of Prussia, in 1758. 
ZOROASTI. See Magi. 
ZORRICA, a town in the island of Malta, which contains 
3500 inhabitants. 
ZOSIMA [thus called by professor Hoffmann, in compli¬ 
ment to three brothers, Anastatius, Nicholas, and Zoa Zosi- 
ma, distinguished for their editions of numerous works of the 
Greek classics], in Botany, a genus of the class pentandria, 
order digynia, natural order of umbelliferae.—Generic Cha¬ 
racter. General and partial umbel of many unequal rays. 
General and partial involucrum of many linear-lanceolate, 
acute, unequal, villous, permanent leaves. Perianth of five 
unequal, very short, permanent teeth. Corolla: universal, 
nearly regular, and uniform; flowers partly perfect and fer¬ 
tile; the central and lateral ones, in each umbel, male; par¬ 
tial of five, nearly equal, spreading, inversely heart-shaped, 
deflexed petals; rather concave on each side at the keel; ta¬ 
pering at the base; obliquely indexed at the point, which 
is linear-lanceolate, acute, involute channelled. Stamina: 
filaments five, spreading or deflexed, straight, longer than the 
involute corolla, dilated at the base; anthers versatile, round¬ 
ish, two-lobed. Pistil: in the perfect florets, germen in¬ 
ferior, ovate, compressed, villous; styles two, thread-shaped, 
channelled ; their tumid base wavy and crenate at the mar¬ 
gin ; at length reflexed and permanent; stigmas simple, 
obtuse. Pericarp: fruit roundish-obovate, compressed, fine¬ 
ly downy, bordered; the border externally tumid, and some¬ 
what corrugated, internally striated; emarginate at the summit, 
crowned with the styles on their short, nearly sessile, crisped 
base; thickened at the bottom ; the disk elevated and striated. 
Seeds two, of a similar shape, convex in the middle, with 
three elevated, narrow, central ribs, and two marginal ones; 
their interstices in the upper half occupied by four coloured 
stripes .—Essential Character. General and partial invo¬ 
lucrum of many permanent leaves. Corolla uniform. Some 
flowers male. Calyx tumid, five-toothed. Petals nearly 
equal, obovate, indexed. Fruit roundish-obovate, com¬ 
pressed, villous, with a corrugated border; the disk ribbed. 
Zosima Orientalis, or Oriental zosima.—The root is bien¬ 
nial, tap-shaped, milky. The whole herb when bruised 
smells like apium graveolens. Stem erect, near two feet high, 
cylindrical, furrowed, somewhat branched, and slightly leafy, 
about as thick as a swan’s quill, rough to the touch with short 
whitish hairs. Leaves opposite, stalked, thrice pinnate, 
hoary with short pubescence; leaflets small, wedge-shaped, 
lobed; entire at the edges. Umbels two or three inches in 
diameter, on long stalks, terminal: partial ones of from 
twelve to fifteen flowers, milk-white, or yellowish-green. 
Germ downy.—Native of Persia, Georgia, and other coun¬ 
tries about Caucasus, flowering in the early part of sum¬ 
mer. 
ZOSIMUS, a Greek historian, who held various civil offices 
under the younger Theodosius, about the commencement of 
the fifth century, and left a history of Roman affairs, in six 
books, the first of which furnishes a slight view of the em¬ 
perors, from Augustus to Diocletian, and the others detail 
Vol. XXIV. No. 1678. 
the public events that occurred to the second siege of Rome 
by Alaric, and the pontificate and deposition of Attalus. 
Something seems to be wanting towards the end. The style 
of this historian is concise, perspicuous, and pure; but his 
prejudices against the Christian emperors have misled him; 
and particularly in his account of Constantine the Great. 
Leunclavius has attempted to justify him; and it has been 
allowed that he has divulged some truths which other histo¬ 
rians have suppressed. Gibbon says, “ credulous and par¬ 
tial as he is, we must take our leave of this historian with re¬ 
gret.” The first edition of his work was that of R. Stephens, 
in 1581; others have been published by T. Smith, Gr. and 
Lat. Oxon. 1679, 8vo.; and the Variorum, by Cellarius, 
8vo. 1679, 1712. 
ZOSIMUS (Pope), a native of Greece, was elevated to 
the pontifical throne in March, 417, as successor to Innocent 
I., at the time when the Pelagian controversy prevailed. 
Cselestius, the chief disciple of Pelagius, presented his con¬ 
fession of faith to this pope, who approved it, and admitted 
him to his communion. That of Pelagius was likewise ap¬ 
proved. The' African bishops, however, who were hostile 
to the Pelagian doctrine, interested the emperor Honorius in 
their favour, and obtained from the pope an anathema of the 
doctrine of Pelagius and Ceelestius, with a sentence of ex- 
communication if they refused to abjure their tenets. A 
council was assembled, in which other bishops, who con¬ 
curred in the Pelagian creed, were degraded from their epis¬ 
copal dignity. The fluctuations and inconsistencies of Zo- 
simus’s conduct depreciated the character of the pope, and 
furnished reason for questioning his infallibility. Other in¬ 
stances occurred, in which he was hardly able to maintain 
his authority. This pope died in December, 418, leaving 
the character of an able man of business, but hasty, tenacious, 
and imperious. His thirteen epistles, that are extant, are 
written with spirit and elegance. He was canonized, as 
Bower says, by a mistake of cardinal Baronius, who sup¬ 
posed him to be a St. Zosimus in the martyrology of Bede. 
— Dupin. Bower. 
ZOSSEN, a town of Prussia, in the province of Branden¬ 
burg, on the river Nor, with 1500 inhabitants. 
ZOSSEN, a village of Austrian Silesia, near Jagerndorf. 
ZOUFETE, a beautiful river of Lower Egypt, on the Da- 
mietta branch of the Nile. 
ZOULE, a considerable village of Upper Egypt, 2 leagues 
from Rika. 
ZOULNOUN, a village of Asiatic Turkey, in the govern¬ 
ment of Sivas; 10 miles south-south-west of Amasieh. 
ZOUR EL IIAMMAN, or Island of Pigeons, a small 
island in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Algiers. Lat. 
36. 26. N. long. 12. 38. E. 
ZOU-WAN, a flourishing little town of Tunis, in Africa. 
Great quantities of linen and of caps are brought here from 
Tunis, and other places, to be bleached, and dyed scarlet. 
Behind this place is a high mountain, of the same name, 
yielding abundance of the finest water, which was formerly 
conveyed to Carthage by an aqueduct, extending 60 miles in 
length. At its foundation was anciently erected a temple, 
the ruins of which, with some inscriptions, may still be 
traced ; 36 miles south-west of Tunis. 
ZOWAMORE, or Zimbza, an island of the Mediterra¬ 
nean, near the north coast of Tunis, called by the ancients 
Aeoimurus. 
ZOYALTEPEC, a settlement of Mexico, in the inten¬ 
dancy of Oaxaca, containing 600 Indian families. 
ZOZOLCO, a settlement of Mexico, in the intendancy of 
Valladolid, containing 320 Indian families. 
ZOZORANGA, a settlement of Quito, in the province of 
Loxa. 
ZRIN, a small town of Austrian Croatia, situated on a 
rock near the frontiers of Turkey; 43 miles east-south-east of 
Carlstadt. 
ZSCHOCKEN, a large village of Saxony; 8 miles north¬ 
west of Grunhayn. 
ZSCHORLAU, a village of Germany, in Saxony; 10 miles 
south-south-east of Zwickau. 
9 H ZUA, 
