Z V T 
865 
number of beautiful promenades around the town. Zurich 
having in its lake and river the advantage of water commu¬ 
nication, has long been a place of manufacture and trade. 
So early as the 13th century, we read of fabrics of woollens, 
linen, and leather, in this place. Here were also silk-works, 
small in extent, but of note in an age, when manufacturing 
industry was backward. They were soon surpassed by 
those of Tours and Lyons, and have been latterly replaced 
by cottcn-works, which are carried on to a considerable 
extent. 
Few places of the size of Zurich, have surpassed it in the 
cultivation of literature. It contains extensive collections of 
books, manuscripts, paintings, and antiques. The town 
library contains 40,000 volumes; that of the cathedral is also 
considerable. Of schools and literary establishments, great 
and small, there are here no less than twenty. Philosophy, 
divinity, and classics, are taught in the Collegium Caroli- 
num. There is here also a military and a medical seminary, 
with two schools. The society of physics, economics, and 
natural history, has been instrumental in introducing im¬ 
provements in agriculture; and among the charitable esta¬ 
blishments, the poor house and the orphan-house are con¬ 
sidered to be under very good management. Zurich has pro¬ 
duced many eminent characters; 46 miles east-south-east of 
Bale, and 60 east-north-east of Bern. Lat. 47.22. 15. N. 
long. 8. 31. 42. E. 
ZURICH, a lake of Switzerland, extending in the form of 
a crescent, chiefly through the canton of Zurich, but partly 
also between those of Schweitz and St. Gall. It is divided 
into the Upper and Lower by the strait at Rapperschwyl, 
which, the breadth being little more than a quarter of a 
mile, is crossed by a long wooden bridge. In other places 
the breadth varies to the extent of nearly five miles. The 
length is about 30. This lake, without rivalling those of 
Geneva or Lucerne in awful sublimity of scenery, is still one 
of the finest in Europe, being surrounded by a populous 
and well cultivated country, and the prospects on its banks 
being richly varied. It abounds in fish, and affords the 
means of an extensive water carriage. From the thawing of 
the snow on the surrounding mountains, its depth increases 
considerably in the summer months; and as it communicates 
with the Rhine by the Limmat, it contributes to the annual 
swell of that river. The upper lake freezes in winter; but 
the lower, being more sheltered, is frozen only in severe sea¬ 
sons. 
ZURITA, a town of Spain, in New Castile, on the Tagus; 
43 miles west of Madrid. 
ZURITE, a settlement of Peru, in the province of Cuzco. 
ZURNDORF, or Zirndorf, a village of Germany, in 
Bavarian Franconia; 5 miles west of Nuremberg. Popu¬ 
lation 600. 
ZURZACH, a small-town of Switzerland, in the canton 
of Aargau, on the Rhine; 33 miles east of Bale. 
ZUSCHEN, a town of Germany, in Hesse Cassel; 16 
miles south-south-west of Cassel. Population 1000. 
ZUSCHEN, a town of Germany, principality of Wal- 
deck, on a small river called the Elbe. Population 1000. 
ZUSMARSHAUSEN, a town of Germany, in Bavaria; 
13 miles west of Augsburg, on the Zusam, with 1000 inha¬ 
bitants. 
ZUTPHEN, an inland town of the Netherlands, in the 
province of Guelderland, on the right bank of the Issel, where 
it is joined by the Berckel, which fills the ditches, and flows 
through the town: Zutphen is fortified and strong by its 
situation, which is in the midst of drained fens. The air is, 
however, said not to be unhealthy. It is divided into the 
Old and New Town, and contains several public buildings; 
such as the principal church, a very old but stately structure ; 
the town-hall, the college of deputies, and the S’Graven Hof, 
or Count’s Palace, this having long been the chief place of a 
small country. The manufactures are very limited, consist¬ 
ing of cotton weaving on a small scale, the making of glue, 
and brewing. The inhabitants have a Latin school, and a 
society of natural history. In the wars with Philip II., 
Zutphen was besieged in 1572 by the Spaniards, who, re- 
Vol. XXIV. No 1678. 
Z W E 
fusing the citizens a capitulatiou, entered the town by storm, 
and committed frightful disorders. It was retaken in 1591, 
and in this siege Sir Philip Sidney was kilted; 10 miles south 
of Deventer. Lat. 52. 8. 26. N. long. 6. 11. 52. E. 
ZUTPHEN ISLANDS, a group of small islands in the 
straits of Sunda. Lat. 5. 50. S. long. 105. 42. E. 
ZUUREVELT, an extensive plain of good arable and pas¬ 
ture land in the territory of the Cape of Good Hope, reaching 
eastward from Zwartkops bay, and now in the possession of 
the Kaffres. 
ZUYAS, Isle de, a small island on the west coast of 
North America, about 6 miles in circuit, and surrounded by 
many rocks. Lat. 54. 36. N. long. 229. 18. E. 
ZUYDER-DROGTEN, a town of the Netherlands, in 
the province of Friesland, with 1100 inhabitants. 
ZUYDER-ZEE, an inland sea or gulph of the German 
ocean, surrounded chiefly by the Dutch provinces of Hol¬ 
land, Overyssel, and Friesland. Its length from north to 
south is about 80 miles; its breadth varies from 15 to 30. 
It is said to have been in remote ages a lake, until the bar¬ 
rier on the north-west, separating it from the German ocean, 
was swallowed up by some tremendous but unrecorded in¬ 
undation of the sea. This opinion is confirmed by the po¬ 
sition of the islands Texel, Vlieland, &c., which, with inter¬ 
vening shoals and sand-banks, still form a kind of defence 
against the ocean. The trade of Amsterdam is carried on 
along the Zuyder-Zee, the entrance to which is at the Texel. 
The communication of this sea with the lake of Haarlem is by 
the south, forming an inlet, on the banks of which Amsterdam 
is built. In so level a country there are few rivers to flow into 
this sea: of those that do so, the largest is the Yssel. The 
extent of the Zuyder-Zee necessarily exposes it to great agita¬ 
tion in tempestuous weather; yet on proceeding from South 
Holland to Friesland, it is usual to sail across the southern 
part of it, called the Lemmer, instead of making a circuit by 
land. 
ZWALUWE, a village of the Netherlands, in North Bra¬ 
bant, with 2100 inhabitants. 
ZWAMERDAM, a village of the Netherlands, on the 
Rhine; 10 miles east by-south of Leyden. Population 1000. 
ZWARTE BERG, a district in the eastern part of the 
territory of the Cape of Good Hope, consisting of narrow 
plains, which contain some fertile spots. 
ZWARTE RUGGENS, a rough stony tract in the east¬ 
ern part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope. 
ZWARTE-SLUYS, a village and fortress of the Nether¬ 
lands, in the province of Overyssel, situated on the wide canal 
called the Schwarte Wasser; 10 miles north of Zwolle. Po¬ 
pulation 1400. 
ZWARTE-WAAL, a village of the Netherlands, in South 
Holland. Population 900. 
ZWARTKOPS RIVER, a small river in the eastern part 
of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope, which forms a 
bay of the same name, called sometimes Algoa bay. It gives 
name to one of the most fertile and beautiful districts in the 
colony, affording an abundant supply of grain. In the neigh¬ 
bourhood are extensive forests and a salt lake. The bay has 
five fathoms water; it abounds in black whales, and a variety 
of other fish. 
ZWARTLAND, a considerable division of the Cape ter¬ 
ritory, about 60 miles north of Cape Town. It is considered 
the granary of the colony. Besides common grains, there 
are some swampy grounds, that produce abundance of 
rice. 
ZWELLENDAN, a district in the settlement of the Cape 
of Good Hope, extending eastward from Cape Town, and 
bounded north by the Zwarte Berg, or Black Mountains. 
The length is about 380 miles, and its breadth 60, occupied 
by 480 families. The produce is corn, wine, and cattle, but 
few sheep. The population consists of 3967 Christians, and 
2696 slaves and Hottentots, forming a total of 6663. The 
drosdy, or village, is 140 miles from Cape Town, at the foot 
of a chain of mountains. It contains about 30 houses, scat¬ 
tered over a fertile valley. 
ZWENITZ, a town of Saxony; 46 miles west-south-west 
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