REPORT OF FEW JERSEY STATE MUSKFM. 21 
contrast in topography is well shown upon the model. South¬ 
east of the moraine are areas of an earlier glacial deposit much 
older than lie moraine. (Annual Report of the State Geologist 
for 1893, pp. 124-151.) 
THE VICINITY OF OGDENS-Bl’KG. 
These two models represent the form of the surface and the 
glacial deposits near Ogdensburg, Sussex county, Few Jersey. 
A great triangular embankment of sand and gravel stretches from 
the mountain on the east almost across the Wallkill valley, and 
has turned the river out of its straight course. This embankment 
is followed by the railroad in its course across the valley. It is 
believed to he formed of the sand and gravel washed into a great 
crevasse in the tongue of ice, which, during the closing stages 
of the glacial period, occupied the valley. 
Other deposits made by the water from the melting ice from 
irregular hillocks of sand and gravel, are called kames. The mix¬ 
ture of stones and clay deposited by the ice itself without the aid of 
running water is called till. It is often so thin that the under¬ 
lying rock projects through it in numerous small outcrops. Ex¬ 
amples of this are seen on both sides of the river in the northern 
part of the area represented. (See Annual Report of the State 
Geologist for 1894, pp. 39, 40.) 
THE PALISADES OF THE HUDSON. 
This model represents a portion of the Palisades of the Hudson 
near the Few York State line. The vertical scale, feet per inch, 
is one and a half times- the horizontal. The Palisades consists 
of toweling vertical cliffs of hard, black rock (trap), which rise 
gbout 500 feet above the river. The rock is traversed by many 
vertical cracks which break it up into columnar masses. The 
action of the frost, roots of trees, changes of temperature and 
other agencies often break off great masses of the rock. The 
face of the cliff is, therefore, slowly wearing backward and pre¬ 
sents the many irregularities shown in the model and the trans¬ 
parencies in the windows. The bowlders which have been broken 
