9 *> 
REPORT OF NEW JERSEY STATE MUSEUM. 
from the face of the cliff have accumulated in a great, steeply- 
sloping pile at, its foot. n , 
Flore and there beneath the cliffs where the bowlders are not 
too numerous, beds of red and gray sandstone are found, under¬ 
lying the trap-rock. Since these layers dip gently westward, the 
trap-rock is believed to rest upon the sandstone as represented 
on the north and south sides of the model. On the west side of the 
ridge similar beds of sandstone and shale occur which apparently 
meet the tra^roek along a steeply-inclined contact. (Annual 
Report of the State Geologist for 189 <, pp. 61-(3.) 
THU REGION SOUTH OS’ NEWTON. 
The-region south of Newton is very rocky and hilly. Hills 
and ledges of limestone rise abruptly from a nearly level plain, 
like islands in a lake. High ridges of slate border the 
plain on the northwest and the southeast. On the model the 
vertical scale has been exaggerated twice, as compared to the 
horizontal, in order that, the relationship of hill,and plain might 
be clearly marked. The limestone and slate-rock of the hills* 
is partially covered by a thin layer of stony clay (till) deposited 
by the great ice sheet which formerly covered Northern New 
Jersey. The plain is composed of sand and gravel deposited by 
streams which issued from the glacier after its southern margin 
had melted back to some point north of Newton. Occasional hol¬ 
lows in the plain like those now occupied by Drake’s, Stickle and 
Muckshaw ponds, probably mark the site of huge blocks of ice, 
which, in the melting of the glacier, became detached from the 
main mass and were partially or completely buried by the gravel 
deposits. Other ice block-holes are filled with swamps. 
If the deposits made by the ice and glacial waters could he 
removed, the surface would he even more irregular than it is 
at present, for the sand and gravel deposits of the plain have 
partially filled deep valleys which were formerly between the 
rock hills. (Annual Report of the State Geologist for 1894, 
pp. 33-38.) 
