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trative action are especially important in grazing trespass, 
and the supervisor must be kept in correspondingly close 
touch with all developments, especially by Form 874-20 
report. 
The first distinction lies between permitted and non- 
permitted stock. 
In the case of nonpermitted stock, legal action is the 
only recourse. If material damage has resulted to the 
national forest, a civil suit should be brought against the 
owner. Criminal action can also be instituted if the 
gravity of the case warrants. If the damage is slight, 
criminal action only should lie resorted to. When for 
any reason neither civil nor criminal action against 
an owner of trespassing nonpermitted stock seems feasible, 
and settlement of damages can not be obtained, such 
settlement should be required as a condition of favorable 
action if the trespasser applies for a permit in the future. 
When any grazing trespass involves negligence or know¬ 
ing participation, on the part of the herder or other per¬ 
son in charge of the stock, criminal action should be 
brought against him, either with or without action against 
the owner. 
In the case of permitted stock, both legal and adminis¬ 
trative action are possible. Double penalty should 
never be invoked, however, and revocation of permit is 
usually a greater penalty than any possible damages or 
fine. The gravity of the offense and the effect of possible 
actions upon the permittee should always be considered. 
Only in aggravated cases should the permit be revoked; 
in lesser cases where disciplinary measures appear prefer¬ 
able to legal action, reduction or some less severe adminis¬ 
trative action than revocation should be chosen. Damage 
suits should be brought only when the damage is com¬ 
mensurate with the cost of the action, and when the 
trespasser has sufficient assets so that damages can be 
recovered. Criminal prosecution should be used more 
than in the past, especially with respect to herders, 
provided there is no opening for a just charge of prosecuting 
subordinates only, when their principals are responsible 
for the trespass. 
