SAP-STAIN, MOLD, AND DECAY IN GREEN WOOD. 
23 
a foundation located on dry ground and consisting, where possible, 
of billets of split heartwood free from rot. 
HANDLING RAW STOCK IN TRANSIT. 
TYPES OF CARS. 
In shipping green stock to be used in the manufacture of vehicles, 
etc., the following types of cars have been preferred: 
Flat cars-logs (fig. 4). 
Gondolas or stock cars____Jbolts (fig. 5). 
Stock or vegetable cars-split billets or dimension stock. 
Ventilated box cars---lumber or dimension stock. 
Fig. 4.—Unloading logs from a flat car. This is the type of car usually used for the 
shipment of logs. 
PROVISIONS FOR THE PROPER VENTILATION OF STOCK IN TRANSIT. 
Well-ventilated types of cars should be selected where possible, if 
staining and molding are to be prevented (figs. 4 to 10). Prepara¬ 
tory to use, these cars should be thoroughly swept free from 
rubbish, damp sawdust, lime, or manure. In the case of box cars, 
it is important that the roofs be carefully inspected to make sure 
that they are water-tight. If it becomes necessary to use box cars 
for the transportation of split billets during the late spring and, 
summer months, it is suggested that the billets be ricked and that 
strips or occasional crossers of the same stock at intervals of 12 to 
16 inches be used to assist in the ventilation of the pile. Side doors 
should be open and both doorways boarded up, leaving at least 14- 
inch spaces between the boards. If box cars are equipped with small 
