76 
LIFE OF DEAN BUCKLAND. 
[CH. Ill 
that they were drifted northwards by the diluvian waters 
from tropical regions, must be abandoned on the authority 
of the evidence afforded by the den at Kirkdale ; and it 
now remains only to admit that they must have inhabited 
the countries in which their bones are found. 
“ In the streets of London the teeth and bones are often 
found, in digging foundations and sewers, embedded in 
the gravel ; e.g\ elephants’ teeth have been found under 
twelve feet of gravel in Gray’s Inn Lane ; and lately at 
thirty feet deep, in digging the grand sewer, near Charles 
Street, on the east of Waterloo Place. At Kingsland, near 
Hoxton, in 1806, an entire elephant’s skull was discovered, 
containing two tusks of enormous length, as well as the 
grinding-teeth ; they have also been frequently found at 
Ilford, on the road from London to Harwich, and, indeed, 
in almost all the gravel-pits round London. The teeth 
arc of all sizes, from the milk-teeth to those of the larger 
and most perfect growth ; and some of them show all 
the intermediate and peculiar stages of change to which 
the teeth of modern elephants are subject. In the gravel- 
pits of Oxford and Abingdon, teeth and tusks, and various 
bones of the elephant, are found mixed with the bones 
of rhinoceros, horse, ox, hog, and several species of deer, 
often crowded together in the same pit, and seldom rolled 
or rubbed at the edges, although they have not been found 
united in entire skeletons. 
“ In the Ashmolcan Museum there are some vertebrae, 
and a thigh bone of an enormous elephant, at least sixteen 
feet high, which are in the most delicate state of preserva¬ 
tion, and were found in the gravel at Abingdon four or five 
years ago. In the same pit with them were collected also 
fragments of sixteen horns of deer. . . . About three years 
since a large molar tooth of an elephant was dug up in a 
gravel-pit in one of the streets of Oxford, in front of 
St. John’s College. ... At Newnham, in Warwickshire, 
near Church Lawford, about two miles west of Rugby, two 
magnificent heads and numerous bones and teeth of several 
individuals of the Siberian rhinoceros, with many large 
tusks and teeth of elephants, and some stags’ horns, and 
