144 
LIFE OF DEAN BUCKLAND. 
[CH. V. 
have taken place in the north of England and in Scotland 
in the period before our epoch. That the glaciers in 
Switzerland once occupied a very different level from their 
present one, is evident from the fact that the surface of 
the valley of the Arve, descending from the Grimsel, shows 
scratches several thousand feet above the level of the present 
glacier. I found similar scratches over a breadth of two 
or three miles in a high valley on the north shoulder of 
Schiehallion in Perthshire ; the scratches are most dis¬ 
tinctly preserved on the surface of two dykes of porphyry, 
but are also apparent on the harder kinds of slate stone. 
Traces of the action of glaciers down to the present level 
of the sea are distinctly visible, between high and' low water 
mark, upon the surface of the granite on the left margin 
of Loch Leven, and also at Bunaw Ferry on Loch Etive. 
“ Large round blocks of granite are brought down by 
the glaciers. Similar cases of transport by ice occur at 
the present time in the Arctic regions, where vast masses 
of stone and mud are drifted annually to sea on icebergs, 
to be stranded on distant shores. In this way we can 
explain the condition of the east coast of England, where 
blocks of Scandinavian porphyry have been stranded by 
icebergs from the Baltic.” 
The parallel roads of Glenroy may also, Buckland says, 
be satisfactorily referred to a lake produced by two glaciers 
descending from the north and east sides of Ben Nevis to 
the valley of Glen Spean. He also discovered similar signs 
of glacial action in Wales. Mr. Murray Browne says that— 
“ Dean Buckland pointed out distinct traces of glacier 
action at Aberglaslyn Pass, near Beddgelert. This was (I 
believe) the first time that traces of glacier action were 
pointed out in Wales.” (Every one can now see them at 
every corner.) “ The Dean made a note to this effect in the 
visitors’ book at the Goat Hotel, Beddgelert. The page in 
which this was written was cut out and framed, and for 
many years hung up in the hotel. Recently, owing to a 
