SPECIMENS FROM INDIA. 
179 
heel eight or nine inches, and apparently intended (like a 
snow-shoe) to sustain the weight of a heavy animal walking 
on a soft bottom. The impress of this appendage resembles 
those of wiry feathers or coarse bristles, which seem to have 
sunk into the mud an inch deep, while the toes had sunk 
much deeper. Round their impression in the mud was 
raised a ridge several inches high, like that round the track 
of an elephant in clay. The length of the step of this 
creature appears to have been six feet; the footsteps on 
the five other kinds of tracks are of smaller size, and the 
smallest indicates a foot but one inch long and a step from 
three to five inches. The length of the leg of the African 
ostrich, it may be added, is about four feet, and that of the 
foot ten inches. These tracks appear to have been made 
on the margin of shallow water, that was subject to changes 
of level, and in which sediments of sand and mud were 
alternately deposited. 
The next collection came from India, and contained the 
first specimens ever brought thence to this country. In 
1836 Dr. Buckland examined a number of fossils from the 
hill-slopes and ravines that traverse that part of the Siwalik 
Sub-Himalayan range of hills which lies between the 
Jumna and the Sutlej rivers. He describes 
“ a large ruminating animal called the Sivatherium, ap¬ 
proaching the elephant in size, discovered in the Sub- 
Himalayan range of hills. The jaw of this animal is twice 
as large as that of a buffalo, and larger than that of a 
rhinoceros. The front of the skull is remarkably wide, and 
retains the bony cores of two short, thick, and straight 
horns, similar in position to those of the four-horned 
antelope of Hindostan. The nasal bones are salient in 
a degree without example among ruminants, and exceed 
