138 
MARINE SHELLS OF WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA 
Type. Cardium riibrum Montagu. 
Distribution. Universal. 
Range in time. Tertiary. 
Lascea rubra Montagu, 1804. 
Test. Brit., p. 83; pi. 27, fig. 4. 
Shell with a convex, smooth, glossy, pellucid, red shell; hinge not quite 
central; rather broader than it is long, rounded at both ends; umbo 
prominent; hinge with nearly obsolete primary teeth; lateral ones very 
conspicuous. Inside glossy red; margin plain. (Montagu.) 
Habitat. Everywhere in crevices of rocks, inside empty cups of 
Balani and in the byssus of shells, near high-water mark. Sometimes it is 
found at depths varying from 3-20 fathoms. It has been found in 
Iceland and Upper Norway. (Jeffreys. British Conch.) 
Type in British Museum. Type locality, British coast. 
Range. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Callao, Peru. Also 
Atlantic. 
Genus TURTONIA Alder, 1848. 
Shell oblong, inequilateral, anterior side very short; ligament con¬ 
cealed between the valves; hinge teeth 2.2. (Tryon. S. S. Conch.) 
Type. Venus minuta Fabricius. 
Distribution. Greenland, Norway, Britain. 
Turtonia minuta Fabricius, 1780. 
Fauna Gronl., p. 412. Forbes and Hanley, Brit. Moll., 2; pi. 18, fig. 7. 
Shell minute, of an oval and very slightly sub-cordate shape, thin, 
semi-transparent, very inequilateral, slightly glossy, almost smooth, and of 
a purplish brown tint, which becomes deeper coloured posteriorly, the 
front being so pale as, in some specimens, almost to be devoid of colouring 
matter; the beaks are dark purple. The valves are moderately convex, and 
rounded at both ends, the termination of the posterior side,—which is 
much produced,—more obtusely and broadly so; the extremity of the 
anterior side,—which is both narrow and small, at most occupying one- 
fourth of the length of the shell, and a very much smaller portion of its 
area,—simply and regularly so. The ventral margin is subarcuated, and 
both dorsal lines are decidedly convex, the front one declines strongly, 
the hinder one scarcely slopes at all. The umbones appear oblique, and 
when viewed in front are decidedly prominent, they being raised on that 
side considerably above the dorsal line. The beaks themselves are blunt, 
and there is no defined lunule in front of them. The internal colouring 
resembles the external, the margin is plain, and the pallial impression, as 
