42 
ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 
handsome property to be divided among the children of the third generation. 
Another difficulty in the business is in disposing of the milk. At times 
there is a great surplus; the factories are overtaxed; the market is over¬ 
stocked, and the dairyman finds his milk on his hands, and as he has not 
provided himself with facilities for making* butter and cheese, what he 
does in that line is done under such disadvantages that he is unable to pio- 
duce anything but an article that grades below the standard in quality, and 
tli ere fore has to be sold at a reduced price. 
Another difficulty, and a very serious one, is that the dairyman has no 
voice in fixing the value of his product. If he sells it, he simply inquires of 
the buyer what price he has fixed on it. If it is taken to the factory to be 
manufactured and sold, he has only to take the avails as reported. Now we 
do not wish to be understood as even intimating that the factoiyman does 
not report the avails correctly, or charge any want of honesty or fairness on 
his part. He may have disposed of the butter and cheese manufacture y 
him at the very highest prices paid at the time he made the sale, and still 
the facts are that his own interest is in no way affected by the prices whie 
he receives. His is a fixed interest and does not and can not prompt him to 
the exercise of that care in the investigation of the “ supply and demand 
which will give him an intelligent view of the market, so that he may sell or 
hold his product as shall best promote the interest of his patrons. 
A comparative view of the prices of cheese during the past few weeks, 
will afford some insight on this subject. As all are acquainted with the 
market price of cheese here, we shall only quote prices realized in New 
York. The average prices paid for cheese October 28, was as follows: 
Utica, 121c.; Little Falls, 12fc.; Herkimer, 12ic. November 6—Utica and 
Little Falls, 12ic. November 18—Utica, 12ic.; Little Falls, 131c. ; Herki¬ 
mer 13c November 20-Little Falls, 131c.; Herkimer, 131c.; Utica, 13c. 
November 27-Utica, 131c,; Little Falls, 131c.; Herkimer, 131c. The prices 
realized for butter is higher in Elgin than those reported at the dairy centers 
of New York, and there would seem to be no good reason why the cheese 
sold should not bring as much here as there. 
Another difficulty to be overcome is found in the perishable nature of 
milk, necessitating the best facilities for cooling and curing We simply 
notice this difficulty. The necessity of having additional facilities for this 
purpose will be felt when we examine the system of dairying as now con¬ 
ducted in Denmark. 
The practical workings of the law of supply and demand was finely illus¬ 
trated in Utica, November 13. The demand was for cheese made m Sep¬ 
tember, while the offerings were mostly of October make. One salesman, 
representing the Willow Grove factory at Trenton, had eight hundred boxes 
of September cheese, and availing himself of the advantages of his 
knowledge of the “ stock on hand,” refused to sell at less than fourteen 
cents per pound, at which price he closed the lot. This was three-fourths of 
a cent per pound above the extreme and one and one-eighth cents per 
pound above the average price paid at that time for cheese made m Octobei. 
Nor has the demand for September cheese abated. The reports for Novem- 
