ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 27 
water. Believed that stagnant water would produce abor 
tion. Sink-holes are not tit for cows to drink out of. Bad 
water is the cause of much of the dairymen’s trouble ; if 
only he could be convinced of it. Would drain all the 
ponds as soon as possible. A good wind-mill was far 
bettei, than all the ponds or running streams; the water 
was purer and then you could have your water just 
where it was most convenient. Cattle were not compelled 
to search for holes in the ice in cold weather for a drink, 
and the weaker ones hooked about and bruised by the 
master ones. If on the prairie it is essential that you 
plant trees, so that when the mercury stands eighty or 
ninety, the cows can find shade. Plenty of shade should 
be furnished every dairy, so that hooking and crowding 
wdll not be necessary for all to be accommodated. If not 
near a factory, a good cool milk-house is absolutely essen¬ 
tial, so that milk can be cooled as soon as milked. It is 
essential that all be clean; any farmer can run a dirty 
place, but a good dairyman will have nothing butcleanli* 
ness about him. It was essential to produce a good product 
as they will always command a good price Each dairy¬ 
man should endeavor to build up a trade for himself, and 
should have his own trade mark. It was a difficult task to 
enumerate all the essentials of a good dairy farm, but he 
considered anything which tended to make the farm richer 
and better, and to pay better dividends, were among the 
essentials. 
E. H. Seward, Marengo. The first thing to consider 
was the location. It should not be remote from good 
markets. It should be compact in form, not “ all long and 
no wide.” Buildings should be centrally located and on 
high and dry ground. Americans locate buildings with 
reference to roads or streams ; foreigners do different ; they 
locate as to convenience. Wind-mills were far better than 
any creek or running stream. Our low lands mi^st not be 
forced as pastures; cold, wet land is not fit for a pasture; 
it could be drained and thus improved. It is essential to 
