70 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMENS ASSOCIATION. 
raugus Co., N. Y., kept thirty cows on one hundred acres 
of land for seven years, as pasture; then he mowed his 
land and fed his cows, when he found that he made eight 
hundred dollars per year more when he fed than when he pas- 
tured; thought the same number of cows could be made to 
vield double when fed, therefore he now argued to keep less 
mJ 
land and more cows. 
Thomas Bishop: If a cow gives five gallons per day 
on grass, will she give ten if fed on hay ? He had found 
that cows coming in in September done much better than 
cows which come in in April; i. e., for the year. Kept a 
few cows and kept them well; could get more from a few 
well-kept cows than from many more poorly cared for. 
John R. McLean expected that those who preceded 
him would exhaust the subject, but found they had left a 
good deal for him to say. Was a small dairymen but a 
very early one; i. e., he began a great many years ago; he 
kept eighteen cows on his one hundred acres ot land; 
raised a little of everything; rye, corn, oats, potatoes, etc. 
Was ready for reverses. Wanted to come out square each 
year. Kept the farm to “fall back on.” Thought it the 
safest way to keep no more cows than the farm would sup¬ 
port; could keep twenty-five just as well as eighteen; had 
plenty to keep them on; kept six horses; had no use for 
them only to pay taxes on; thought every dairyman 
should raise his calves, or at least enough each year to 
keep up his dairy. Raised six hundred bushels of oats. 
Could sell his straw for four dollars per load. His farm 
was now rented, and he could not tell exactly what was 
done. 
I.Boies: How did you find the market when you first 
began \ 
Me Lean: I received ten cents the first year, per gal- 
l,m; the next year five and one-half cents; in 1861 five and 
three-fourths cents; in 1862 six cents per gallon; in the fall 
