ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 
75 
which is named lipzle. This unites with an atom of oxygen, 
foiming oxide of lipzle—C3H2O1. Now margarine con¬ 
sists of— 
1 of margaric acid . 
1 of oxide lipzle . 
Gives . 
“ Rutter oil consists of— 
C34H34O4 
.321 
x margarine—C37H36O5 
1 of oleic acid of butter 
x of oxide of lipzle . 
C34H31O5 
3 2 1 
. x of butter oil—C37H33O6 
Now, when the oxide of lipzle is separated from the 
fatty acids, it unites with water and forms glycerine, or oil 
sugar— 
2 of oxide of lipzle 
3 of water. 
C6H4O2 
3 3 
.. 1 of glycerine—C6H7O5 
‘ If we add this glycerine to a mixture of sulphuric 
and fumigating nitric acids, pouring it into water and wash- 
ing upon a filter, we have glonoin, or nitro-glycerine, a 
substance which holds in reserve power sufficient to level 
mountain ranges.” 
The following paper by Stephen Patrick, of Truxton, 
N. Y., on “ The Origin of Soils, their Formation and Dis¬ 
tribution : Explaining the soils and climates best adapted 
to dairying and the method of increasing their adaptation,” 
was read by R. M. Patrick, of Marengo : 
STEPHEN PATRICK’S PAPER. 
Gentlemen of the Illinois State Dairymen's Association : 
In compliance with a request of a member of your associa¬ 
tion L write a brief essay upon “ The origin of soils, their 
formation and distributions; explaining the soils and cli¬ 
mates best adapted to dairying and the method of increas¬ 
ing their adaptation.” 
1st. The origin of soils ; their formation. In giving 
my views of the origin of soils and their formation I will 
give briefly a synopsis of the combined theories of modern 
geologists, who substantially agree that all soils have their 
