52 ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 
saved liquid part of manure we saved a great deal. He 
had lately been saving this soft manure. He believed that 
these cellars to catch liquid manure were apt to be danger¬ 
ous on account of poor ventilation. If there was an ar¬ 
rangement whereby this liquid manure could be drawn off 
to the fields with the solid matter you would save a great 
deal of that offensive barn-yard smell and would save the 
best part of it. 
The matter of sub-soiling was intimately connected 
with manuring. He had had some experience in sub-soil¬ 
ing. To carry it on profitably needed brains. He had 
noticed that some soils were almost ruined by sub-soiling 
ing, and others were improved. 
Calvin Gilbert : Had attended meetings of this 
Association for years and had heard this question of the 
disposition of manures discussed from time immemorial; 
but he had seen that men would hold to their opinions ; no 
matter how things were discussed, they would not learn 
anything. He thought he knew something about manures 
though he had retired from farming life, and would like to 
tell the dairymen something he knew by experience. About 
this question of manure, he supposed Thompson knew 
more than he, however he didnt’t take much stock in any of 
these scientific farmers who knew everything about farming 
but the practical part of it. Greeley knew a good deal 
about theoretical farming, but little about the practical part 
of it. All who had spoken on the subject favored top dress¬ 
ing, but he would not thus use manure under any circum¬ 
stances. In spreading it the best part of it evaporates and 
you lose that, but if you plow it in as fast as drawn out you 
save all the valuable qualities, and you can by doing this 
m ake the poorest land rich. We should alternate crops and 
