ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN’S ASSOCIATION. 81 
3 thods and makes his cows produce when products are the highest, his western 
r al will supplant him in his summer market, simply by having occupied his ground 
the winter, and by making butter in winter he has changed the plan of summer 
ofit and winter expense to one of continuous income. The idea of winter dairying 
s by the very nature of things become part of the system of Ohio dairying, and I 
ly be pardoned if an enumeration of some of the reasons are given, although they 
ly be antiquated in a community as progressive as Northern Illinois. Year by year 
e taste of the people is becoming more cultivated in regard to butter as a table lux- 
y and it is found that a tine article of butter, although very high-priced, is not with- 
t consumers, but on the contrary the better the butter and more uniform its fla- 
r and texture, the greater the demand, and a freshly made article is always sold in 
eferencetothat made months before, so that the production of a high grade of winter 
itter to meet the demand that offers a fancy price for its making, will tempt the 
iryrnan to engage in winter dairying, and the establishing of cream-gathering but- 
rfactories in Ohio, and the changing of many a summer factory into an u all the 
ar round” concern that offers city prices for milk, presents inducements to engage 
the business, that are quite impossible under old methods, and when once success- 
1 the plan will be continued, and why not? 
In Ohio the forests have been so far cut away that cutting wood, splitting rails, 
id lumbering has become obsolete, and what besides his chores does engage the at- 
ntion of the farmer in the winter ? Why should he not raise a thousand bushels of 
rn in the summer, and in the winter make that corn, worth $250 in the market, bring 
,200 in the form of butter ? It is simply adding the labor of milking to the care of 
e stock, which is absolute, and this our dairyman is beginning to see, and seeing, 
t upon. 
The building of new lines of railway last year, radiating from our most important 
ties, has unexpectedly benefited the dairyman in a way he little dreamed. For 
ars the larger towns have drawn their milk supply from the swill milk establish- 
ents which have monopolized the milk trade, quality or health being wholly disre- 
,rded. In the competition for freights the roads have found that it is to their best 
terests to foster a country milk trade and even to the running of milk trains ; and 
e resuit is that three-fourths of all the milk of Cleveland is now brought to the mar- 
I by rail—a milk free from the fever and the pestilence of the stable, stables that 
the past sent out milk and disease in the same can. This has stimulated the pro- 
tction of winter milk, and the substitution of pure country milk is a more effective 
ir upon swill milk than all the laws that can be copied upon the statute books. The 
•undance of a good article does not of a necessity imply that it must be sold cheap, 
id an abundant milk supply for not only cities, but even smaller villages, is rapidly 
gaging the attention of our dairymen, and new territory is each month being drawn 
>on, until this trade is already one of much magnitude. This is opening the eyes of 
r factorymen to the tendency of the day. If the farmer is going to produce winter 
ilk in paying quantities, they can afford to buy it at even city prices, so that the 
tempt to run several factories in the state is being made the present winter. This 
ay also introduce us to the cream-gathering system, for the building of some 25 of 
ese factories this year, and their successful operation, brings up this in Ohio in a 
ly in which it must be met, for the cream-gathering question is one that presents 
r o problems for consideration : Cheapened transportation, and, aside from the bet- 
rment of the live stock upon the farm, it furnishes a tempting array of fine veal 
Ives and fat porkers for the butcher, and with it good round prices. The three 
mis added making a total, when figured with the receipts of the cream, that cannot 
equaled by the sale of milk—a sale that prohibits any of these features enumerated, 
he prices of milk twice per day delivered this season—7, 8,10,11,13 and 15 cents per 
in pounds—does not realize as much as was obtained from the sale of cream at 20, 
[, 25, 27, 28, 80, 32 and 35 cents per inch for the corresponding dates. For the cream 
i ere was no charge for transportation, as was the case of the milk, $1.75 per cow. 
nd those who fed their skim milk as it should be fed, found no difficulty in realizing 
lorn $16 to $20 per cow for the milk. 
The real thing that is “ pinching ” the home dairyman is to see his kitchen made 
itter sold at 26 cents, and the creamery butter made in the same neighborhood, sold 
i the same commission house at 38, and he is at first disposed to join hands with a 
’ Iter in a Chicago paper, and say that it is simply a ring game, but finally thinks bet- 
ir of it and sells his milk to a creamery, and it is probable that within a few years 
(e more sparsely settled dairy districts of Ohio will be occupied by the cream-gather- 
:g systems, and the old districts will, in well-conducted factories with all the modern 
iipliances for butter-making, make as fine a butter as any state can boast of. I have 
:> great expectances for Ohio cheese. For them the golden cream age of cheese has 
jissed, and if they ever again attain to “ full stock,” it will be when salad oil is made 
isuccessful substitute for cream in cheese-making. 
At your deliberations last winter I noticed that the question of once a day deliv- 
iy received a careful consideration, and to this I add that the once per day plan in 
