ILLINOIS STATE DAIRYMEN^ ASSOCIATION. 75 
nsult now the table to ascertain wliat is required for the cow in full flow of milk, 
d we see that she requires a large quantity of food and an abundance of albuminoids. 
By the aid of the two tables we are prepared to make up ration for our farm 
imals. Supposing that the farmer has good clover hay, corn fodder and bran and 
slies to calculate the feed needed by a cow, in full flow of milk, weighing 1,000 
Linds according to the tables. Suppose he concludes to see if twenty pounds ot clo- 
r five of corn fodder and eight of bran is a fair quantity. Let us calculate by using 
first table, and see if he is correct. Take the twenty pounds of clover and what 
11 the cow extract from it? In 100 pounds 16 is water, 5.3 ash. In the twenty 
unds taken then, 4.2 is water and ash, leaving 15.8 pounds as dry organic matter, 
there are 7 pounds of digestible albuminoids in 100 pounds, in 20 pounds there are 
pounds. If 38.1 pounds of carbohydrates are digested out of 100 pounds, m 20 
unds there are 7.6 pounds, and of the fat, by the same reasoning, .24. Calculating 
: the corn fodder and bran, each in the same way, we are enabled to tabulate our 
suits as follows : 
renty pounds averatre clover hay. 
re pounds corn fodder. 
?ht pounds bran. 
indard. 
25.8 
24. 
2.55 
2 50 
13.3 
12.5 
.49 
.40 
The standard is taken from the second table. We see that the ration is more 
iple in each particular than the standard requires, yet very near it; in tact, the 
ror is on the right side of the account. After going over the table and studying 
iw each of the results was obtained, I think any farmer who is willing to put a little 
idv upon the subject can calculate rations out of such fodders as lie has on hand oi 
n profitably purchase with advantage. Here at the west the carbohydrates are veiy 
eap in the shape of straw and stover, while corn fodder grows with great luxuri- 
ice Albuminoids in the bran and oil meal are cheaper than at the east. I am ot 
e opinion that the material usually fed to our farm animals is too poor in albumi- 
►ids, and that the animal in eating its food, in order to get a sufficiency ot this kind, 
kes into its stomach a much larger amount of carbohydrates than is necessaiy, 
Liich does not enter the system at all, and passes off in the excrement. With poor 
elter for our farm stock in our severe climate, no doubt the amount ot caiboliydiate 
ven in the table is too small, and allowance should be made on this account. Y\ hue 
e rations are usually too poor in albuminoids in winter, they may be too rich in 
immer. A case brought up at the German experimental station at Mceckein, sax 
iv is in point. I quote from one of a series of articles on the subject of feeding, by 
rof. W. O. Atwater, of the Connecticut experimental station, as given in tne Amer- 
an Agriculturist several years since. He says : “The custom of feeding cows on 
•een clover was common about Mceckern. But clover is very rich while straw is 
irv poor in nitrogen. How would it do to mix the two ? I urthei, the question ot 
1 libitum foddering (that is, giving the animals all they will eat) was much discussed, 
ime said the cows themselves were the best judges ot their wants. Others claimed 
lev would eat more of such palatable food, as clover, than they would profitably util- 
e. To test these questions a feeding trial was made with tour cpws. During one 
iriod of several weeks they received all the green clover they would eat. During an- 
,her a small ration was given, and a part of the clover was replaced by stiav. 1 he 
idder and milk 
> insure accuracy, 
a nee contained— 
lbuminoids—(I.) 87 lbs. green clover and 6.7 lbs. barley straw, pounds. . 
k (II) 123 lbs green clov r, pound .... 
arbohydrates— (l.)S'! lbs gneen clover and 6.7 ft>s. bar.ey straw, pounds. 
“ (II.) 123 lbs. green clover, pounds. 
“ The result was that the cows gave as much milk, and milk as rich in fat (butter) 
nd casein with the small ration (I), of which part was straw, as they did with the 
ration was given, and a part ot the clover w r as replaced uy stiaw. ant; 
lk were carefully weighed aud analyzed. Every precaution was taken 
racy. The rations in the two periods w T ere as follow's : The organic sub- 
